Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Economics Essay

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Economics Essay Economic integration can be defined as the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating barriers only among the nations joining together. The aim of economic integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and producers as well as to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement. There are various levels of economic integration which is free trade area (FTA), preferential trade agreements (PTA), customs unions, common market, economic union and also duty free zone. Economic integration was starting by the European Union. European Union was founded by the Treaty of Rome where it signed in March 1957 by six countries which is Germany, Italy, France, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg and came into being on January 1, 1958. The establishment of common external tariff of the six countries in 1958. Free trade in industrial goods, within EU and common price for agricultural good was achieved in 1968 and then restriction on the free movement of labor and capital was reduced in 1970. In 1993, all remaining restrictions on flow of goods, services and resources, becoming largest trade block in the world will be removed. European Free Trade Associations (EFTA) was formed by seven nations which are United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. In 1967, EFTA achieved free trade in industrial goods but only a few special provisions were made to reduce barriers on trade in agricultural products. However in 1991, membership evolved in EFTA includes Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Sweden and Switzerland. On January 1994, European Free Trade Associations joined European Union to form European Economic Area (EEA). North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was formed by United States, Canada and Mexico and this agreement will eventually lead to free trade in goods and services over entire North American Area. It also phased out many other barriers to trade and reduced barrier to cross- border investments among the three member nations. NAFTA also have benefits the United States by increasing competition in product and resource markets and also lowering prices of many commodities to US consumers. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN was established in 8 August 1967 through Declaration of Bangkok and now known as the ASEAN Declaration.  [1]  . Originally, ASEAN consists of five countries in Southeast Asia region, namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore. However, now, it known as ASEAN 10 which is the membership expanded to ten countries includes Brunei, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Laos and Myanmar. The goal of the ASEAN is covering cooperation in economic, social, cultural, technical, educational, and so on. In addition, these organizations also promote regional peace and stability with respect and abide by the laws of justice and otherwise comply with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). The objective of establishing ASEAN is the first is to accelerate economic growth, social and cultural, second is inculcate and reap the benefits of regional development, the third provides training and research facility, the fourth increase t he standard of living (agriculture, industry, trade) and the final objective is to form a close relationships and profitable . Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a semi-official organization which was formed through the first conference in November 1989, in Canberra, Australia. Now, APEC has 21 members which contributes Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, China, Peopleà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Republic of China Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Peru, The Russian Federation, Singapore, Philippines, Chinese Taipei, United States of America, Thailand and Viet Nam. APEC has grown to be an important intermediate in promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the region. The main objective of APEC is to accelerate the growth of economies in the Asian-Pacific region and foster a spirit of cooperation among member countries. One of its objectives is to maintain the organization and Development Division Asian-Pacific region for the benefit of the people and thus, contribute to world economic Development Division. And the n ext objective is to reduce trade barriers in goods and services between member countries in line with the principles of GATT without disturbing the economic interests of others. ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Advantages of the establishment ASEAN and APEC are to increase the flow of employment and expertise between developed countries with developing country. Through cooperation between Asian, expertise or skilled labor can be absorbed into the State to help them improve productivity. Besides that, this relationship can also help Malaysia in producing highly knowledgeable labor force. This is because, people in Malaysia will have the opportunity to study abroad, and especially in developed countries like the United States, Australia, Germany, Japan and Russia. So this opportunity will lead Malaysians to continue their studies at a higher level and the state can produce a high productivity by using their skills and expertise. Thus, the output produced in the State will be higher quality and more consumers can use it. In addition, skilled labor can also be absorbed into the State to assist the State in increase crop productivity. Skilled labor in Malaysia is still not enough to improve the nations economy, especially in the construction sector.  [2]  Table 1.1 below shows that skilled labor in Malaysia is still not enough to improve the construction sector in the country. Therefore, the government encourages the entry of skilled workers, and through the Asean cooperation skilled labor migration can be done. So, this skilled manpower will help the government improve the productivity of State, besides being able to produce high quality output and can be exported to other countries. In other words the amount of aggregate merchandise exports to ASEAN grew faster than the average regional output. ASEANs total merchandise exports between 1988 and 1994 increased ranging between U.S $ 100 to U.S $ 200 billion.  [3]  While exports in Malaysia in 1980 were 52 percent and in 1994 the export volume ha s increased to 64 percent. Table 1.1 below shows the ratio of Asean trade and commerce in Malaysia ratio increased from 1980 to 1994. DISADVANTAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION The disadvantages of ASEAN establishment are causing the loss of sovereignty of a State. Generally sovereignty is the supreme power held by an institution in the political community to make a decision on matters relating to the administration and politics. The first philosopher to give its opinion on sovereignty is John Bodin (1530-1596) in his book Six Books Concerning the State asserts sovereignty is the supreme power that is in a state of the union supreme power over citizens and the people of the region. According to him the supreme power is owned by the king or ruler of a sovereign power (absolute). Sovereignty is related to national security.  [4]  The world now has the wave of change in the dimensions of economic and socio-political environment, especially in the process of globalization. Generally the expression of globalization no difference between the terms of a neo-colonialism à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“colonizes in the new concept. People who are weak in the mental and spiritual will easily fall in the midst of destruction. Humans will not have longer the values of modesty and personal lives. Eventually it will lead to the demise of civilization of a nation.

Course ouline

What should the nurse suspect when hourly assessment of urine output on a vasoconstriction patient exhibits a urine output from a catheter of 1 ,500 ml for 2 consecutive hours? A) Cunning's syndrome B) Syndrome of inappropriate antipathetic hormone (SHAD) C) Adrenal crisis D) Diabetes insipid 2. The PACIFIC staff have brought a patient to the unit following a tracheotomy. To promote comfort for this patient, how should the nurse position this patient? A) Side-lying (lateral) with one pillow under the head Head of the bed elevated 30 degrees and no pillows placed under the head C)Semi-Fowlers with the head supported on two pillows Flat, with a small roll supporting the neck 3. The nurse is caring for a patient with Addition's disease. The patient is scheduled for discharge in the morning. When teaching the patient about hormone replacement, the nurse instructs that too low a dose may be indicated by what? A) Weight gain Dizziness Increase in systolic blood pressure Headache 4. A patie nt is prescribed corticosteroid therapy. What would be important information for the nurse to give the patient who is prescribed corticosteroid therapy? A)The patient's diet should be low protein with ample fat. There will be no change in appearance. The patient is at an increased risk for developing infection. D) The patient is at a decreased risk for development of thermoplastics and thrombosis's. 5. The nurse is performing a shift assessment on a patient with alterations. A sign that the patient's condition is not yet controlled would be: A) Anural Algeria Polaris Proteins 6. The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperthyroidism's. What level of activity would the nurse expect the health care provider to order? A) Complete bed restBed rest with bathroom privileges Out of bed (BIB) to the chair twice a day Ambulation and activity, as tolerated 7. A patient has returned to the floor after having a tracheotomy for thyroid cancer. The nurse knows that sometimes during thyroid surger y the parathyroid glands can be injured or removed. What laboratory finding may be an early indication of parathyroid gland injury or removal? A) Hypothermia Hypothermia's Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia 8. The nurse caring for a patient with Cunning's syndrome is teaching the patient about the documentations suppression test scheduled for tomorrow.What does the nurse explain that this test will involve? A) Administration of documentations orally, followed by a plasma cortical level every hour for 3 hours B) Administration of documentations intravenously, followed by an X-ray of the adrenal glands C) Administration of documentations orally at 11 PM, and a plasma cortical level at 8 AM the next morning D) Administration of documentations intravenously, followed by a plasma cortical level 3 hours after the drug is administered 9. The home care nurse is conducting patient teaching with a patient beginning corticosteroid therapy.To achieve consistency with the body's natural secretion of cort ical, when would the home care nurse instruct the patient to take her corticosteroid medication? A) In the evening between 4 PM and 6 PM Prior to going to sleep at night At noon every day In the early morning between 7 AM and 8 AM 10. A patient presents at the walk-in clinic complaining of diarrhea and vomiting. The patient has a history of adrenal insufficiency. Considering the patient's history and current symptoms, what would the nurse instruct the patient? A) Increase his intake of sodium until the gastrointestinal symptoms improve B)Increase his intake of potassium until the gastrointestinal symptoms improve C) Increase his intake of glucose until the gastrointestinal symptoms improve D) Increase his intake of calcium until the gastrointestinal symptoms improve 11. An adult patient has undergone extensive testing that has resulted in a diagnosis of a basophilic pituitary tumor. The photographically effects of the patient's tumor include excessive secretion of traditionalistic h ormone (CATCH). As a result, this patient is likely to exhibit signs and symptoms that are characteristic of what endocrine disorder? A)Addition's disease Cunning's disease Hyperthyroidism 12. A patient has been admitted to an acute medical unit with a diagnosis of diabetes insipid with a neurotic etiology. When planning this patient's care, what diagnosis should be the nurse's most likely priority? A) Fluid volume deficit related to increased urine output Acute confusion related to alterations in electrolytes Altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to decreased intake D) Risk for injury related to decreased level of consciousness 13. A 24-year-old male patient is being cared for in the intensive care unit following a tricycle accident.In addition to musculoskeletal injuries, he has developed syndrome of inappropriate antipathetic hormone (SHAD) from the traumatic head injury. Which of the following imbalances is consistent with this diagnosis? A) Hyperemia Hyperglyce mia's Hypoglycemia 14. A nurse practitioner is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism and regularly encourages many patients to undergo screening of their thyroid secreting hormone (TTS) levels. Which of the following individuals likely faces the greatest risk of developing hypothyroidism? A)A 49-year-old man who works in an iron smelter A 55-year-old woman who complains of fatigue A 30-year-old man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes A 71 -year-old man who has experienced nausea and vomiting secondary to influenza 15. A middle-aged female patient has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and admitted to the hospital for treatment. When providing care for this patient, the nurse should prioritize: A) Vigilant monitoring of intake and output Teaching the patient about the pathologically of the disease C) Performing constant blood sugar monitoring Providing a calm, low-stimulation environment 16.In planning the care of a patient who has hyperthyroidism, the nurs e has identified the nursing diagnosis of altered nutrition: less than body requirements. What intervention is the best response to this diagnosis? A) Arrange for the patient to be assessed for the possible use of internal nutrition. B) Provide the patient with a low-fat, high-protein diet. Provide several small meals each day for the patient. Teach the patient to eat each meal slowly and methodically. 17. A patient who is receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism is being monitored closely by the care team.When observing this patient for signs and symptoms of thyroid tort (trichinosis's), the nurse should prioritize which of the following assessments? A) Temperature and heart rate Deep tendon reflexes and peripheral pulses Pain and level of consciousness (LOC) Assessment for visual and auditory disturbances 18. A 50-year-old male patient has been admitted to the postcolonial unit from the PACIFIC after having a total tracheotomy. The nurse is now conducting an admission assessment an d planning the patient's subsequent care.When providing this patient's care, the nurse should emphasize which of the following actions? A) Changing the patient's surgical dressing as ordered Monitoring and treating the patient's pain Maintaining the patient's fluid status Protecting the patient's airway 19. The nurse is closely monitoring the blood work of a patient who has a diagnosis of primary hyperthyroidism's. The nurse should be aware that the fluid and electrolyte disturbances associated with this disease create a significant risk of what problems?A) Fluid volume overload and purists Metabolic acidosis and cardiac schemas Renal calculi and urinary obstruction Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 20. A patient who is postoperative day 1 following neck dissection surgery has rung his all bell complaining of numb fingers, stiff hands, and a tingling sensation in his lips and around his mouth. The nurse should anticipate that this patient may require the IV administration of: A) Potassium chloride Calcium calculate Magnesium sulfate Sodium phosphate 21.A 42-year-old man with a history of phosphorescently is being treated in the intensive care unit after experiencing an acute exacerbation of his condition. This patient will require the nurse to perform which of the following assessments most frequently? A) Motor and sensory function Orientation and cognition Urine testing for commonality Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate A patient has been taking oral corticosteroids for several weeks to a treat a chronic inflammatory skin condition.When performing health education with this patient, the nurse should emphasize the need to: A) Supplement the corticosteroids with nonessential anti-inflammatory drugs (Nasals) Avoid stopping the drug abruptly Take the drug only during an acute exacerbation of the condition D) Monitor fluid intake and output for the duration of treatment A nurse is preparing an IV dose of hydrochemistry that is to be administered to an du ll patient on an acute medical unit. The endocrine disorder for which this treatment is most clearly indicated is: A) 24.A nurse in a large university hospital has cared for several patients with endocrine disorders over the past year. For which of the following patients would a nursing diagnosis of disturbed body image be most likely applicable? A) A man who was treated for Washington's thyroids A woman with a longstanding diagnosis of Cunning's syndrome A woman whose diagnosis of Graves' disease required radioactive iodine therapy D) A man who was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism after neck surgery 25.

Finding Photo Essay Topics Online

Finding Photo Essay Topics Online If you believe a photo essay is something which you may want to try, here are a couple ideas to hopefully get you going. Just like with any essay you have ever written, the very first step in arranging a photo essay is to settle on a topic. Every photo essay seeks to make an emotional answer, but that emotion is your choice. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Read further for tips and suggestions for making photo essays part of your teaching toolbox. While creativity is a significant facet of English composition, it isn't always beneficial to require students to create their own writing topics. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. The traditional type of essay writing can acquire monotonous for students. The Photo Essay Topics Cover Up Editing refers to the precise assortm ent of the images that are going to be included in our essay. It must not be confused with post-processing, which is an important element of the production of the final photographs. It is where the magic happens. Your photographic eye doesn't stop whenever your shooting is completed. When editorial photography started to languish some years back I was made to cut my costs wherever I could. Generally, you can begin with 10 shots. Naturally, you must carefully pick every shot. The town I reside in has a yearly bicycle classic. You can make your own detective story in pictures if you've got a couple friends who'd love to act a bit. Be aware that sometimes a feeling of place can be communicated in a set of detail images. A run of small details can be utilised as a mosaic in 1 image. The Lost Secret of Photo Essay Topics Defining that number is essential for a few reasons. Other skills they ought to possess include how to write utilizing an assortment of sentence structure s and the way to proofread their own work. There are not any pre-requisites. Photo projects supply an excellent way to try out something new and will be able to help you escape from a rut. All you will need is a little bit of photographic technique, some creativity, and plenty of heart. A project is something to help you become from a photographic slump, doing the exact thing over and over again. Your projects can involve people that you know or people that you've only just met. Even if it's merely a personal passion undertaking. Based on your theme, there are a couple of forms of photos you will want to use to anchor your essay. Content-wise, it is a lengthy, but rich and satisfying list. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Going through sample essays would assist you in learning to recognize the suitable topic for you. A photo essay isn't anything more than a collection of pictures tha t tell a comprehensive story with a minimal use of words. If you're searching for a project that doesn't need to drag on for too long, a photo essay could possibly be perfect for you. Normally, the image will accompany a hyperlink to a photo essay or a journal, with beautiful images in addition to text, providing you with the complete story. Shot planning Before selecting from the several photo essay topics one has to plan the shots that are required to be taken for the essay. You (or your editor) will need to be very objective to choose the ideal mix to inform the story the way that you would like it to be told. If you would like to tell a story, the images have to be compiled in a sense that is reasonable, and communicates both the narrative and data clearly. The manner in which you tell a story also can help to figure out whether it's an Al Jazeera story. The story ought to be told from begin to finish with higher impact, just enjoy a brief novel or a story. Life, Death and Photo Essay Topics For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. There's no ideal quantity or order. Some photos might appear quite useful as you're preparing and collecting the material, but whenever the important portion of your essay is completed, they may prove to be not the ideal choice concerning the overall context. As long because you can identify the kind of emotional response you wish to create, you can don't hesitate to experiment with a selection of concrete and abstract topics. New Questions About Photo Essay Topics There is ALWAYS something to photograph you merely have to find creative. You've already done a good deal of reading and a great deal of writing in your life. Have a good idea of what you need to attain, and create it like you were teaching another person. You're able to use anything to tell a great story. What You Should Do to Find Out About Photo Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Below you'll discover some of the most eye-catching photographs we ran on the website in the previous year. 1 photo essay idea I have always wished to try is to photograph one landmark from several different vantage points. The point is you have to take as many photos as possible to have something to select from. Just gathering all photos which you've made is inadequate. Photo Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained The preparation of essay on photography is a complex and time-consuming approach. Each one has to be informative by itself, but in addition part of the larger narrative. Generally you are able to finish the unit work in your time. After you choose the procedure you need to concentrate on, you then need to earn a list of steps needed to attain the aims of the activity. Choosing Good Photo Essay Topics You're presenting the story of poverty in the united states. Teaching life abilities and strengthening resilience locally, gave me an opportunity to nurture my players comp letely, impacting life skills inside them, teaching them on various social problems that are found in our community, Austin states. A few of the women here already have kids and are attempting to avoid another pregnancy. Many children are not able to attend school because they don't speak Turkish, or since they face social integration difficulties.

The Land Of Land For Urban Land - 1643 Words

4.1 Introduction Following a six-week fieldwork into the operations of private companies involved in the purchase, registration and sale of land to urban dwellers particularly peri-urban lands in Accra, this chapter now presents a summary of the results from the research and then details a discussion of what the findings mean for policy and practice. 4.2 Research Findings 4.2.1 Individual Urban Land Brokers The land market in Ghana as discussed earlier is growing fast but still largely informal. The process of urban land acquisition was facilitated by individuals who had created networks with key players in the land acquisition and registration system. Until recently, urban land seekers acquired their lands with the help of a land agent.†¦show more content†¦Proof of transactions were difficult to provide. Majority of the time, the agents were recommended by friends, colleagues, or fellow members from social clubs. Participants indicated that the agents were from different backgrounds noting that in some situations, they were employees of one the government agencies responsible for title registration. They worked on a ‘part-time’ basis. A few ‘full-time’ agents set up temporary structures usually along busy roads but were difficult to trace. In some extreme cases, these land agents are members of vigilante groups who ensured security of tenure by threatening the lives of any ‘unapproved’ persons found on their allocated plots. One of the participants pointed out a situation where different vigilante groups clashed over the same piece of land. This has been a common case in many peri-urban areas where there’s inadequate police protection. The groups usually consist of young men of the landowning stool or family who believe they are entitled to some proceeds from the sale of ‘their’ only held in custody by the chiefs or family heads. 4.2.2 Private Sector Involvement in Land Delivery As already seen from the previous chapter, the private sector is involved heavily in the urban land market in Ghana albeit in real estate development and management. However, in recent years their operations have now spread to the provision of land titles. All the nine (9) companies interviewed, in addition to some

How The Eurozone Crisis Is The Highest Level Of Public...

Greek crisis I n recent times, the Subprime mortgage crisis in the US seems to have metamorphosed into the Euro crisis. Since early 201 0, the Eurozone has been facing a major debt crisis. Such countries as Greece, I reland and Portugal have accumulated unsustainable levels of government debt. I n order to avoid the default they had to ask other European countries and the I nternational Monetary Fund ( I MF) for loans. (Nelson, Belkin and Mix, 2011). Analyzing the Eurozone crisis it is true to say tha t Greece has the highest level of public debt in the Eurozone as well as one of the b iggest budget deficits. (Nelson, Belkin and Mix, 2011). However, the high level of public d ebt does not always lead to a catastrophe as in a Greece’s situation. Academics suggest that â€Å"public debt is a positive variable of economic growth until it reaches level, which is un ique for every country†. One of the good examples is Japan with its highest debt to GDP rati o compared to all developed countries (198%) and its strong external economy which allows Japan to borrow more than any other developed country. The possible explanation is that too high debt levels result in difficulties to refinance it, reducing GDP and even the possibil ity of the default. (Ribeiro, Vaicekauskas and Lakstutiene, 2012). I t should be noted that Greece has been at the centr e ofShow MoreRelatedSpanish Financial Crisis1063 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish financial crisis Introduction (source: Wikipedia) The 2008–2010 Spanish financial crisis is part of the world economic crisis of 2008. In Spain, the crisis was generated by long term loans (commonly issued for 40 years), the building market crash which included the bankruptcy of major companies, and a particularly severe increase in unemployment, which rose to 13.9% in February 2009. 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Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students Free Essays

The government is now looking into ways of increasing the learning experience of students they could use in the competetive reality of life. The C. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mott Foundation suggests that â€Å"the time is ripe to shatter the ‘chalk and talk’, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., September to June concept of school, and stretch and reshape learning time in order to improve student achievement† (Stedron 2007). In his article, â€Å"A new day for learning: its time to look at changing the length and scope of the school day to help kids succeed† Jennifer Stedron enumerated some ways to increase students’ learning and explains the advantages of each. Three options were offered: to incorporate summer learning, out-of-school learning or increasing the length of time for a school day or school year. The advantage of including summer learning programs lies with the additional learning experience for students that can prepare them for the next stage of learning. Stedron (2007) held that â€Å"disadvantaged students tend to fall behind during the summer because of a lack of learning opportunities in the home and community. By fifth grade, this summer slippage accounts for approximately two full years’ deficit in reading comprehension levels.† The executive director of Johns Hopkins University Center for Summer Learning held that the differences in summer learning â€Å"account in part for later educational outcomes† (Stedron 2007). New Mexico’s Plus Pilot Project, which provides an optional program of at least 40 additional days of school during the summers before and after kindergarten, has resulted with students gaining early literacy skill and social maturity which can considerably prepare them better for the first grade. Out-of-school activities can also increase students learning experience. â€Å"Before- and afterschool programs reinforce the school curriculum and broaden student skills through enrichment activities that might be absent from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.† according to Stedron (2007). She held that â€Å"extra† subjects such as art and music, which have been cut but many schools in favor of the more practical subjects, are â€Å"often what keep some children engaged in and attending school† (Stedron 2007). California Senator Tom Torlakson said that kids get excited about learning and their attachment to school increases since they have to attend school to attend these out-of-school programs. Aside from getting better results from students, investing on these programs will also generate budget savings for the government. Stedron (2007) used the California After School Education and Safety Initiative program as an example of the advantages of out-of-school programs: â€Å"evaluations show increase in student attendance, achievement and good behavior from kids in the programs. And a 50 percent decrease in students who must repeat grades is saving the state the massive expense of an extra year of education for many students.† Nothing can increase learning experience better than extending instructional time, which may be through, but not limited to, summer learning or after-school programs. Stedron, however, stresses that it is not just more school time that the students need. â€Å"They need to opportunities to develop creativity and be leaders† (Stedron 2007). For older students, this may include internship programs which give the students time to learn in the real world. Milt Godlberg, a member of the national Time, Learning, and Afterschool Task Force, believes that â€Å"young people are more engaged in learning and are more motivated when activities are not restricted by the traditional classroom structure† (Stedron 2007). Education should, after all, not be confined within the four corners of the classroom, but must also incorporate the realities of life. Stedron has given profound insights about the topic. Although the claims are not supported by statistical evidences, she has provided a convincing argument by providing student reactions and comparisons with the traditional way of learning. Increasing learning experience, not just academically but socially, will benefit the students by also increasing their knowledge, skill, and competetiveness, all of which will consequentially increase their chances of achievement and success. References Stedron, J. (2007). A new day for learning: Its time to look at changing the length and scope of the school day to help kids succeed. How to cite Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students, Essays

Promoting Quality Care Of Patient-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Promote Quality Care of Patient by analysing an Incident Answer: Nursing profession is one of the largest healthcare related workforce. Nurses analyse a patients needs and health demands, they execute care plans, and maintain medical records (Lindrooth et al. 2015).While working as an associate nurse, I was directly involved with the delivery system of the hospital, focused on caring for my patients and their family. This essay will present a reflective overview of an incident which occurred and will analyse the possible methods of clinical governance that could have produced a better patient outcome in the incident. I will use the Driscolls reflective framework to narrate the incident. What? The situation, which I will explore, occurred during my work as an associate nurse in India. The patient was Jyoti (name changed) had been admitted to the emergency department after complains of nausea, chest pain, palpitations, trembling and dizziness. On assessing her medical records I realized that she was on medications, for anxiety disorder prescribed by the GP. She was also suffering from depression. Her mother accompanied her and was extremely distressed and for not being able to protect her daughter from mental issues. As a young girl she was diagnosed with anxiety and oppositional defiance disease which often made her aggressive. Owing to the severity of her symptoms, I was immediately advised by the doctor-in-charge to keep in a seclusion room. Seclusion and restraints should be the last resort of intervention to manage behavioural emergencies in mentally ill patients. However, the doctor adopted that measure to immobilize her (Sherwood and Barnsteiner 2017). She was confin ed in a room, which was poorly lit and drab. I was instructed to go there and introduce myself to her. I approached the room where she was and introduced myself. I tried to explain about her mental health condition and assessment. However, she began to shout ' get out, go away'. I was uncertain regarding my proceedings this response was completely unexpected. I therefore returned to my senior to report the incident. There was miscommunication between the two graduate nurses attending the incident and they failed to inform the doctor about her current state of mind. An hour later when I was again instructed to go to her room along with one of the two nurse trainees, to give him medicines, she escalated into a meltdown. She did not want to take those medicines. The nurse talked to her in some language, unworthy of respect and made fun of her mental state. I was agonised. Jyoti became aggressive and punched and hurt the nurse. We alerted the staff to control her. They grabbed her and t hrew her to the bed. She wailed and howled and gasped for breath. While shouting at the staff, she fell from the high bed and suffered injuries in the head. I ran to call the doctor and informed her mother as well. She became calm after taking pain killers and dressing the wound . My mentor returned after speaking discreetly to her and for an hour and disclosed that she had experienced a panic attack which made her agitated. She felt isolated and traumatised inside the dark room. Moreover, while being brought to the seclusion room, she had received lewd remarks from some of the staff members regarding her health. When the nurse talked to her inappropriately, it caused her meltdown and she attacked the junior nurse. I felt relieved that she was ready to allow me complete her mental health analysis (Miraglia and Asselin 2015). So what? I was horrified with what had just happened. From my nursing knowledge I knew that clinical excellence and patient safety promote high quality healthcare practice. Clinical excellence encompasses different aspects of proving patient centred quality care like clinical knowledge, humanism and professionalism, diagnostic acumen, interpersonal skills, skilful negotiation and having a scholarly approach to the situation (McCaughan and Kaufman 2013). My view on clinical excellence was influenced by my philosophical approach to nursing, my education, background and nursing experiences. However, this particular incident failed to provide quality care to Jyoti owing to lack of participation, clinical effectiveness, risk management strategies and effective workforce. I was able to recognize the aspects that needed greater emphasis for effective patient care (Taschuk et al. 2017). Now what? Consumer participation, effective workforce, clinical effectiveness and risk management procedures could have helped in improving the care provided to the patient. Impact of consumer participation- Consumer participation includes involvement of patients with the care givers in the design, development and implementation of their own treatment. The inclusion of consumers in their mental healthcare services as co-investigators likely enhances the effectiveness of the service (Byrne et al. 2014). Jyoti and her mother needed to be involved and engaged from the beginning with the physicians and nurses who were looking after her. It is the legal right of a consumer to have knowledge into how the programs and services are run. The doctors should have acknowledged the benefits of the patients participation in formulating an effective therapeutic strategy. Organizing open meetings where the patient could express her views on the service could prove beneficial (Tobiano et al. 2015). It also ensures appropriate training for staff. Well trained staff would not have passed lewd remarks against Jyoti. This could have prevented her meltdown. Impact of clinical effectiveness- Clinical effectiveness is the application of best knowledge, derived from clinical experience, research and patient preferences used to achieve best outcomes for patients. The staffs are provided support to focus on their team effectiveness and patient outcomes. The staff works to deliver excellence when their efforts are recognized (DiCenso, A., Guyatt and Ciliska 2014). Recent research and developmental strategies should have been studied by the staff members and physicians to deliver proper care to the patient. Recent research suggests minimizing the use of seclusion rooms. They make a patient more violent and traumatized (Johnson et al. 2017). The staff should have adequate knowledge on the possible ways to avoid such trauma incidents. Jyoti should have not been kept in isolation, had the staff been aware of the harmful effects of their approach. Evidence based treatment strategies should have been followed from translational research. Implementi ng basic science findings on practical applications while designing a care for the patient would have enhanced her wellbeing (Kirkman 2013). All students and staff should have been able to access best evidence to support efficient clinical trials and policy making. Impact of effective workforce- A workplace has an overarching culture along with a plethora of sub-cultures. Each culture is represented by a set of beliefs, values, attitudes, social customs and professional norms (Triolo 2012). Efficient workplace practices can enhance mental healthcare provisions. Regular surveillance on the competency of the workforce would have prevented any form of miscommunication. Effectiveness of a healthcare organization involves optimal performance of the staff, avoidance of any stigma related to mental health, encouragement of recovery and good partnership between the staff allocation system. This would, help in meeting the patients needs. A good workforce effectively works together to promote mental health prevention, and rehabilitation. There should have been a leadership and collaboration focused on the state of anxiety and depression. Staff retention to ensure practice excellence and proactive risk management would have proved useful in pacifying her and reducing her agitation. Impact of risk management- Patients suffering from mental illness should receive care in a safe environment. However, several risks like suicide, falls, injuries and violence occur. Clinical risk management relies on effective treatment that studies a patients history and tries to prevent adverse effects while proving potential treatment opportunities. Recently, emphasis has been laid on patient safety measures across the world through different legislative changes, policy reforms and standard care development (Cole, Chaudhary and Bang 2014). Four main risk factors that need to be considered are vulnerability of the patient to external factors, intentional injury, suicide, hallucinations or psychotic phenomena, causing harm to others and risk form falls. Her health demands needed to be balanced with public and personal and safety issues. Healthcare providers should have balanced decision making according to Jyotis personal demands. The service users should have taken support from her mother to comply with their duties. Some interventions can present a risk to service users, such as some types of medication which may have unwanted side effects. So the concept of risk is much broader than often portrayed or acknowledged. Inpatient falls are a matter of concern for patient safety issues. Increased surveillance, increased funding for bed alarms and construction of low beds can eliminate chances of such falls and related consequences. Conclusion: A detailed investigation of the study has been carried on the importance of health and safety of patients and the responsibility of the medical practitioners. Patient safety is a fundamental healthcare principal and refers to the ways by which hospitals and healthcare centers protect the patients from medication errors, fall risks, accidents, injuries and infections. In carrying out such activities, risks are inevitable. Managing risk should not just focus on eliminating risk, it is about Risk management generally provides a process that ensures identification of potential benefits which reduce the likelihood of harms. The health professionals should have taken reasonable care to protect her safety and welfare along with the safety of the other persons involved. Thus, it can be concluded that application of clinical knowledge, empathy and risk management strategies help in improving patient outcomes. 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