How The Eurozone Crisis Is The Highest Level Of Public...

Greek crisis I n recent times, the Subprime mortgage crisis in the US seems to have metamorphosed into the Euro crisis. Since early 201 0, the Eurozone has been facing a major debt crisis. Such countries as Greece, I reland and Portugal have accumulated unsustainable levels of government debt. I n order to avoid the default they had to ask other European countries and the I nternational Monetary Fund ( I MF) for loans. (Nelson, Belkin and Mix, 2011). Analyzing the Eurozone crisis it is true to say tha t Greece has the highest level of public debt in the Eurozone as well as one of the b iggest budget deficits. (Nelson, Belkin and Mix, 2011). However, the high level of public d ebt does not always lead to a catastrophe as in a Greece’s situation. Academics suggest that â€Å"public debt is a positive variable of economic growth until it reaches level, which is un ique for every country†. One of the good examples is Japan with its highest debt to GDP rati o compared to all developed countries (198%) and its strong external economy which allows Japan to borrow more than any other developed country. The possible explanation is that too high debt levels result in difficulties to refinance it, reducing GDP and even the possibil ity of the default. (Ribeiro, Vaicekauskas and Lakstutiene, 2012). I t should be noted that Greece has been at the centr e ofShow MoreRelatedSpanish Financial Crisis1063 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish financial crisis Introduction (source: Wikipedia) The 2008–2010 Spanish financial crisis is part of the world economic crisis of 2008. In Spain, the crisis was generated by long term loans (commonly issued for 40 years), the building market crash which included the bankruptcy of major companies, and a particularly severe increase in unemployment, which rose to 13.9% in February 2009. Spain continued the path of economic growth when the ruling party changed in 2004, keeping robust GDPRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1310 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last chapter we looked at how incompetent and politically driven economic policy making drove Europe into prolonged recession and high unemployment. The financial crises and fear of a meltdown slowed world economic growth considerably. In October 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected 4.6 percent growth for the global economy in 2013; it ended up being just 3 percent. This difference may not seem like much, but in terms of lost output it is more than $800 billion, and it isRead MoreGreece : The Greek Debt Crisis Essay1757 Words   |  8 PagesBryan Wombles ECON 592 FALL 2016 The Greek Debt Crisis Explained The roots of Greece’s economic complications spread deep down into the recesses of history. In 2001, these deep rooted issues were forgotten and hid from the rest of the Eurozone after the government joined the Eurozone by dropping the Drachma and adopting the Euro. The initial adoption of euro by entering the Eurozone, Greece’s economy grew rapidly on average of 4% annually, a rate extremely alarming for the sure fact that it wasRead MoreSovereign Debt Crisis7683 Words   |  31 PagesLiterature Review Corporate Finance 307 European Debt Crisis in Greece Group Members: Arivendran Baskaran 7e0a7767 / 15474140 Jordan Leong Yew Henn 7e0a7574 / 15544519 Joslyn Jong Siew Yi 7E2B1252 / 16519725 Tutor’s Name: Alpha Anak Ngadan Tutorial Day and Time: Wednesday 8am-9.30am Semester 2, 2013 - Miri Campus Abstract The sovereign debt crisis in Greece has attained several controversial bailouts which has caused a huge fuss to the Greek citizens and the tension of politicalRead MoreHow The Eurozone Crisis And Euroscepticism Have Ended The Enlargement Dream2318 Words   |  10 PagesEnlargement: How the Eurozone crisis and Euroscepticism have ended the enlargement dream† Introduction While the European Union has recently expanded to welcome Croatia in 2013 and seven more countries ranging from Iceland to Turkey to Montenegro have applied for accession , my paper argues that the European Union will not expand due to the effects and legacy of the 2008-2009 Eurozone crisis as well as the unfettered growth of Euroscepticism and right-wing parties. The Creation of the Eurozone TheRead MoreAmerica s Largest Currency Changeover Occurred3683 Words   |  15 Pagesinvolving banking sectors, retailing companies and the overall public of the Eurozone. So how did this politically sound concept result in what can only be described as widespread economic turmoil? Of the member states, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain (PIIGS), have been the most condemned for their actions in the run-up to the crisis. Five years on, there are continued discussions of a possible exit of Greece from the Eurozone or Grexit, bringing into question the true stability of aRead MoreEurocrisis3376 Words   |  14 Pages2 I. European integration pre-crisis 2 Paris Treaty 2 Rome Treaty 3 Maastricht Treaty 3 The European Integration through a Single Currency 4 TRANSITIONAL STAGE 1999-2001 : Official launch of the EURO 4 II. The Euro-crisis 5 The EURO Crisis: Timeline of the Events 5 2001-2008 5 2009 5 2010 5 2011 6 2012 7 The EURO Crisis: The result of a failed European Integration. 7 III. Redefinition of the European Integration 9 Addressing the Crisis through remedies 9 New rulesRead MoreEuro Crisis2929 Words   |  12 PagesEUROPEAN DEBT CRISIS – ORIGIN, CONSEQUENCES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS F RA N TI Ã…   E K N E M E T H Abstract What is the European debt crisis? As the head of the Bank of England referred to it in October 2011, it is â€Å"the most serious financial crisis at least since the 1930s, if not ever.†1 In fact, the European debt crisis is the shorthand term for the region’s struggle to pay the debts it has built up in recent decades. Five of the region’s countries – Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and SpainRead MoreThe Eurozone Is A Serious Sovereign Debt Crisis Essay3374 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract The Eurozone is facing a serious sovereign debt crisis. Several Eurozone member countries have high, potentially unsustainable levels of public debt. Three—Greece, Ireland, and Portugal—have borrowed money from other European countries and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to avoid default. With the largest public debt and one of the largest budget deficits in the Eurozone, Greece is at the centre of the crisis. The crisis is a continuing interest to Congress due to the strongRead MoreExecutive Summary Before adopting the euro as the official currency in 2001, Greece was one the3400 Words   |  14 Pagesstate later fell into financial crisis, which has not only affected Greece’s government, but also the entire European countries and their trading partners, such as the United States. Therefore, the Greece financial crisis has become a global concern with the United States Congress, making it a continuous concern brought about by trading partnership, United Banks exposure, and the involvement of the International Monetary Fund institutions. The Greece financial crisis could have been controlled, had

Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students Free Essays

The government is now looking into ways of increasing the learning experience of students they could use in the competetive reality of life. The C. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mott Foundation suggests that â€Å"the time is ripe to shatter the ‘chalk and talk’, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., September to June concept of school, and stretch and reshape learning time in order to improve student achievement† (Stedron 2007). In his article, â€Å"A new day for learning: its time to look at changing the length and scope of the school day to help kids succeed† Jennifer Stedron enumerated some ways to increase students’ learning and explains the advantages of each. Three options were offered: to incorporate summer learning, out-of-school learning or increasing the length of time for a school day or school year. The advantage of including summer learning programs lies with the additional learning experience for students that can prepare them for the next stage of learning. Stedron (2007) held that â€Å"disadvantaged students tend to fall behind during the summer because of a lack of learning opportunities in the home and community. By fifth grade, this summer slippage accounts for approximately two full years’ deficit in reading comprehension levels.† The executive director of Johns Hopkins University Center for Summer Learning held that the differences in summer learning â€Å"account in part for later educational outcomes† (Stedron 2007). New Mexico’s Plus Pilot Project, which provides an optional program of at least 40 additional days of school during the summers before and after kindergarten, has resulted with students gaining early literacy skill and social maturity which can considerably prepare them better for the first grade. Out-of-school activities can also increase students learning experience. â€Å"Before- and afterschool programs reinforce the school curriculum and broaden student skills through enrichment activities that might be absent from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.† according to Stedron (2007). She held that â€Å"extra† subjects such as art and music, which have been cut but many schools in favor of the more practical subjects, are â€Å"often what keep some children engaged in and attending school† (Stedron 2007). California Senator Tom Torlakson said that kids get excited about learning and their attachment to school increases since they have to attend school to attend these out-of-school programs. Aside from getting better results from students, investing on these programs will also generate budget savings for the government. Stedron (2007) used the California After School Education and Safety Initiative program as an example of the advantages of out-of-school programs: â€Å"evaluations show increase in student attendance, achievement and good behavior from kids in the programs. And a 50 percent decrease in students who must repeat grades is saving the state the massive expense of an extra year of education for many students.† Nothing can increase learning experience better than extending instructional time, which may be through, but not limited to, summer learning or after-school programs. Stedron, however, stresses that it is not just more school time that the students need. â€Å"They need to opportunities to develop creativity and be leaders† (Stedron 2007). For older students, this may include internship programs which give the students time to learn in the real world. Milt Godlberg, a member of the national Time, Learning, and Afterschool Task Force, believes that â€Å"young people are more engaged in learning and are more motivated when activities are not restricted by the traditional classroom structure† (Stedron 2007). Education should, after all, not be confined within the four corners of the classroom, but must also incorporate the realities of life. Stedron has given profound insights about the topic. Although the claims are not supported by statistical evidences, she has provided a convincing argument by providing student reactions and comparisons with the traditional way of learning. Increasing learning experience, not just academically but socially, will benefit the students by also increasing their knowledge, skill, and competetiveness, all of which will consequentially increase their chances of achievement and success. References Stedron, J. (2007). A new day for learning: Its time to look at changing the length and scope of the school day to help kids succeed. How to cite Methods to Increase Learning and Success Among Students, Essays

Promoting Quality Care Of Patient-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Promote Quality Care of Patient by analysing an Incident Answer: Nursing profession is one of the largest healthcare related workforce. Nurses analyse a patients needs and health demands, they execute care plans, and maintain medical records (Lindrooth et al. 2015).While working as an associate nurse, I was directly involved with the delivery system of the hospital, focused on caring for my patients and their family. This essay will present a reflective overview of an incident which occurred and will analyse the possible methods of clinical governance that could have produced a better patient outcome in the incident. I will use the Driscolls reflective framework to narrate the incident. What? The situation, which I will explore, occurred during my work as an associate nurse in India. The patient was Jyoti (name changed) had been admitted to the emergency department after complains of nausea, chest pain, palpitations, trembling and dizziness. On assessing her medical records I realized that she was on medications, for anxiety disorder prescribed by the GP. She was also suffering from depression. Her mother accompanied her and was extremely distressed and for not being able to protect her daughter from mental issues. As a young girl she was diagnosed with anxiety and oppositional defiance disease which often made her aggressive. Owing to the severity of her symptoms, I was immediately advised by the doctor-in-charge to keep in a seclusion room. Seclusion and restraints should be the last resort of intervention to manage behavioural emergencies in mentally ill patients. However, the doctor adopted that measure to immobilize her (Sherwood and Barnsteiner 2017). She was confin ed in a room, which was poorly lit and drab. I was instructed to go there and introduce myself to her. I approached the room where she was and introduced myself. I tried to explain about her mental health condition and assessment. However, she began to shout ' get out, go away'. I was uncertain regarding my proceedings this response was completely unexpected. I therefore returned to my senior to report the incident. There was miscommunication between the two graduate nurses attending the incident and they failed to inform the doctor about her current state of mind. An hour later when I was again instructed to go to her room along with one of the two nurse trainees, to give him medicines, she escalated into a meltdown. She did not want to take those medicines. The nurse talked to her in some language, unworthy of respect and made fun of her mental state. I was agonised. Jyoti became aggressive and punched and hurt the nurse. We alerted the staff to control her. They grabbed her and t hrew her to the bed. She wailed and howled and gasped for breath. While shouting at the staff, she fell from the high bed and suffered injuries in the head. I ran to call the doctor and informed her mother as well. She became calm after taking pain killers and dressing the wound . My mentor returned after speaking discreetly to her and for an hour and disclosed that she had experienced a panic attack which made her agitated. She felt isolated and traumatised inside the dark room. Moreover, while being brought to the seclusion room, she had received lewd remarks from some of the staff members regarding her health. When the nurse talked to her inappropriately, it caused her meltdown and she attacked the junior nurse. I felt relieved that she was ready to allow me complete her mental health analysis (Miraglia and Asselin 2015). So what? I was horrified with what had just happened. From my nursing knowledge I knew that clinical excellence and patient safety promote high quality healthcare practice. Clinical excellence encompasses different aspects of proving patient centred quality care like clinical knowledge, humanism and professionalism, diagnostic acumen, interpersonal skills, skilful negotiation and having a scholarly approach to the situation (McCaughan and Kaufman 2013). My view on clinical excellence was influenced by my philosophical approach to nursing, my education, background and nursing experiences. However, this particular incident failed to provide quality care to Jyoti owing to lack of participation, clinical effectiveness, risk management strategies and effective workforce. I was able to recognize the aspects that needed greater emphasis for effective patient care (Taschuk et al. 2017). Now what? Consumer participation, effective workforce, clinical effectiveness and risk management procedures could have helped in improving the care provided to the patient. Impact of consumer participation- Consumer participation includes involvement of patients with the care givers in the design, development and implementation of their own treatment. The inclusion of consumers in their mental healthcare services as co-investigators likely enhances the effectiveness of the service (Byrne et al. 2014). Jyoti and her mother needed to be involved and engaged from the beginning with the physicians and nurses who were looking after her. It is the legal right of a consumer to have knowledge into how the programs and services are run. The doctors should have acknowledged the benefits of the patients participation in formulating an effective therapeutic strategy. Organizing open meetings where the patient could express her views on the service could prove beneficial (Tobiano et al. 2015). It also ensures appropriate training for staff. Well trained staff would not have passed lewd remarks against Jyoti. This could have prevented her meltdown. Impact of clinical effectiveness- Clinical effectiveness is the application of best knowledge, derived from clinical experience, research and patient preferences used to achieve best outcomes for patients. The staffs are provided support to focus on their team effectiveness and patient outcomes. The staff works to deliver excellence when their efforts are recognized (DiCenso, A., Guyatt and Ciliska 2014). Recent research and developmental strategies should have been studied by the staff members and physicians to deliver proper care to the patient. Recent research suggests minimizing the use of seclusion rooms. They make a patient more violent and traumatized (Johnson et al. 2017). The staff should have adequate knowledge on the possible ways to avoid such trauma incidents. Jyoti should have not been kept in isolation, had the staff been aware of the harmful effects of their approach. Evidence based treatment strategies should have been followed from translational research. Implementi ng basic science findings on practical applications while designing a care for the patient would have enhanced her wellbeing (Kirkman 2013). All students and staff should have been able to access best evidence to support efficient clinical trials and policy making. Impact of effective workforce- A workplace has an overarching culture along with a plethora of sub-cultures. Each culture is represented by a set of beliefs, values, attitudes, social customs and professional norms (Triolo 2012). Efficient workplace practices can enhance mental healthcare provisions. Regular surveillance on the competency of the workforce would have prevented any form of miscommunication. Effectiveness of a healthcare organization involves optimal performance of the staff, avoidance of any stigma related to mental health, encouragement of recovery and good partnership between the staff allocation system. This would, help in meeting the patients needs. A good workforce effectively works together to promote mental health prevention, and rehabilitation. There should have been a leadership and collaboration focused on the state of anxiety and depression. Staff retention to ensure practice excellence and proactive risk management would have proved useful in pacifying her and reducing her agitation. Impact of risk management- Patients suffering from mental illness should receive care in a safe environment. However, several risks like suicide, falls, injuries and violence occur. Clinical risk management relies on effective treatment that studies a patients history and tries to prevent adverse effects while proving potential treatment opportunities. Recently, emphasis has been laid on patient safety measures across the world through different legislative changes, policy reforms and standard care development (Cole, Chaudhary and Bang 2014). Four main risk factors that need to be considered are vulnerability of the patient to external factors, intentional injury, suicide, hallucinations or psychotic phenomena, causing harm to others and risk form falls. Her health demands needed to be balanced with public and personal and safety issues. Healthcare providers should have balanced decision making according to Jyotis personal demands. The service users should have taken support from her mother to comply with their duties. Some interventions can present a risk to service users, such as some types of medication which may have unwanted side effects. So the concept of risk is much broader than often portrayed or acknowledged. Inpatient falls are a matter of concern for patient safety issues. Increased surveillance, increased funding for bed alarms and construction of low beds can eliminate chances of such falls and related consequences. Conclusion: A detailed investigation of the study has been carried on the importance of health and safety of patients and the responsibility of the medical practitioners. Patient safety is a fundamental healthcare principal and refers to the ways by which hospitals and healthcare centers protect the patients from medication errors, fall risks, accidents, injuries and infections. In carrying out such activities, risks are inevitable. Managing risk should not just focus on eliminating risk, it is about Risk management generally provides a process that ensures identification of potential benefits which reduce the likelihood of harms. The health professionals should have taken reasonable care to protect her safety and welfare along with the safety of the other persons involved. Thus, it can be concluded that application of clinical knowledge, empathy and risk management strategies help in improving patient outcomes. References Byrne, L., Platania-Phung, C., Happell, B., Harris, S., Hlth Nurs, M.M. and Bradshaw, J., 2014. Changing nursing student attitudes to consumer participation in mental health services: a survey study of traditional and lived experience-led education.Issues in mental health nursing,35(9), pp.704-712. Cole, S.A., Chaudhary, R. and Bang, D.A., 2014. Sustainable risk management for an evolving healthcare arena.Healthcare Financial Management,68(6), pp.110-115. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G. and Ciliska, D., 2014.Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Johnson, P., Johnson, P., Evans, D.J., Evans, D.J., Khan, Z. and Khan, Z., 2017. Testing technology to enhance patient safety in seclusion.Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour,8(1), pp.28-33. Kirkman, T.R., 2013. High fidelity simulation effectiveness in nursing students transfer of learning.International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship,10(1), pp.171-176. Lindrooth, R.C., Yakusheva, O., Fairman, J.A., Naylor, M.D. and Pauly, M.V., 2015. Increasing the Value of Health Care: The Role of Nurses. McCaughan, D. and Kaufman, G., 2013. Patient safety: threats and solutions.Nursing Standard,27(44), pp.48-55. Miraglia, R. and Asselin, M.E., 2015. Reflection as an educational strategy in nursing professional development: An integrative review.Journal for nurses in professional development,31(2), pp.62-72. Sherwood, G. and Barnsteiner, J. eds., 2017.Quality and safety in nursing: A competency approach to improving outcomes. John Wiley Sons. Taschuk, B., Zhang, W.T.V., Flint, R., Howlett, C. and Andersen, E.A., 2017. Gaining awareness: Cultivating clinical reflection in nursing students. Tobiano, G., Marshall, A., Bucknall, T. and Chaboyer, W., 2015. Patient participation in nursing care on medical wards: an integrative review.International journal of nursing studies,52(6), pp.1107-1120. Triolo, PK 2012, 'Creating Cultures of Excellence: Transforming Organizations', in G Sherwood J Barnsteiner (eds),Quality and safety in nursing: A competency approach to improving outcomes, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, pp. 305-321.

Songs Of Faith Devotion free essay sample

Depeche Mode -Songs of Faith Devotion The Depeche Men are back! Its been three years since their last release Violator and Depeche has a new sound. By injecting their clean electronic synthpop rhythm with acoustic instruments, Depeche has created a new techno-funk medium. Guitars lend power to I Feel You and a string accompaniment emphasizes tenderness in Martin Gores solo One Caress. The LP contains ten tracks in total, ranging from delicate, to pounding, to passionate. In Condemnation, one of my favorite tracks on the album, David Gahans angelic voice rings out a passionate plea: Condemnation, Why? Because my duty, Was always to beauty, And that was my crime. The lustful, yet sensitive In Your Room has incredible rhythm and creates a swirling hypnotic effect by the use of a heart-pounding base and repetitive words. In your room, Your burning eyes, Cause flames to arise. Will you let the fire die down soon, Or will I always be here? Your favorite slave. We will write a custom essay sample on Songs Of Faith Devotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Im hanging on your words, living on your breath, feeling with your skin, Will I always be? Songs of Faith and Devotion is an enormous accomplishment for Depeche Mode. Its instrumental diversity largely separates it from their previous releases and represents a new interweaving of their strong British background and David Gahans Los Angeles influence. n Review by C. K., Franklin, MA

Imagery in The Fall of the House essays

Imagery in The Fall of the House essays Imagery of the Supernatural in "The Fall of the House of Usher" Edgar Allan Poe's writings are known for their macabre subject matter. In "The Fall of the House of Usher", Poe uses the life-like characteristics of an otherwise decaying house as a device for giving the house a supernatural atmosphere. Frank N. Magill explains this concept best when he writes, "Usher feels that it is the form and substance of his family mansion that affects his morale. He believes that, as a result of the arrangement of the stones, the house has taken on life" (1645). From the very beginning of the story, the reader can tell that there is something unusual and almost supernatural about the structure. As the narrator approaches the home of his long-time friend, Roderick Usher, he refers to the house as the "meloncholy House of Usher" (George one being a sixth sense of vague and indescribable realities behind the physical and apparent and another being a clever, reational interpretation of unsensible ph enomena (52). Although the narrator tries to view everything he sees in a rational manner, upon seeing the house and its surroundings, he has a heightened sense of superstition. He goes on to say that, "about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity" (Perkins, 1513). This statement indicates that perhaps the house does indeed have supernatural characteristics and that something of an exterordinary sense is actually holding the house intact. Upon entering the house, the narrator becomes increasingly convinced that the house has some supernatural effect on those living there after observing the o ...

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India From the often chaotic and fratricidal court of Indias Mughal Empire sprang perhaps the worlds most beautiful and serene monument to love - the Taj Mahal.  Its designer was the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan himself, a complex man whose life ended in tragic circumstances. Early Life The child who would become Shah Jahan was born on March 4, 1592, in Lahore, now in Pakistan. His parents were Prince Jahangir and his wife Manmati, a Rajput princess who was called Bilquis Makani in the Mughal court. The baby was Jahangirs third son. He was named Ala Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, or Khurram for short. As a child, Khurram was a particular favorite of his grandfather, Emperor Akbar the Great, who personally oversaw the little princes education. Khurram studied warfare, the Koran, poetry, music, and other subjects suitable for a Mughal prince. In 1605, the 13-year-old prince refused to leave his grandfathers side as Akbar lay dying, despite the potential threat from his fathers rivals for the throne. Jahangir succeeded to the throne, after crushing an uprising led by one of his other sons, Khurrams half-brother. The incident brought Jahangir and Khurram closer; in 1607, the emperor awarded his third son the fiefdom of Hissar-Feroza, which court observers took to mean that 15-year-old Khurram was now the heir apparent. Also in 1607, Prince Khurram was engaged to marry Arjumand Banu Begum, the 14-year-old daughter of a Persian nobleman. Their wedding did not take place until five years later, and Khurram would marry two other women in the meantime, but Arjumand was his true love. She later became known as Mumtaz Mahal - The Chosen One of the Palace. Khurram dutifully sired a son by each of his other wives, and then neglected them almost entirely. He and Mumtaz Mahal had 14 children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. When descendants of the Lodi Empire rose up on the Deccan Plateau in 1617, Emperor Jahangir sent Prince Khurram to deal with the problem. The prince soon put down the rebellion, so his father granted him the name Shah Jahan, meaning Glory of the World. Their close relationship broke down, however, over court intrigues by Jahangirs Afghan wife, Nur Jahan, who wanted Shah Jahans youngest brother to be Jahangirs heir.   In 1622, with relations at their zenith, Shah Jahan went to war against his father. Jahangirs army defeated Shah Jahans after a four-year fight; the prince surrendered unconditionally. When Jahangir died just one year later, in 1627, Shah Jahan became the Emperor of Mughal India. Emperor Shah Jahan As soon as he took the throne, Shah Jahan ordered his stepmother Nur Jahan imprisoned and his half-brothers executed, in order to secure his seat. Shah Jahan faced challenges and uprisings all around the edges of his empire, as well. He proved equal to the challenges from Sikhs and Rajputs in the north and west, and from the Portuguese in Bengal. However, the death of his beloved Mumtaz Mahal in 1631 nearly shattered the emperor. Mumtaz died at the age of thirty-eight after giving birth to her 14th child, a girl named Gauhara Begum. At the time of her death, Mumtaz was in the Deccan with Shah Jahan on a military campaign, despite her condition. The distraught emperor reportedly went into seclusion for an entire year  and was only coaxed out of mourning by his and Mumtazs eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum. Legend says that when he emerged, the forty-year-old emperors hair had turned white. He was determined to build his empress the most magnificent tomb the world had ever known. It took the next twenty years of his reign, but Shah Jahan planned, designed, and oversaw the construction of the Taj Mahal, the worlds most famous and beautiful mausoleum. Made of white marble inlaid with Jasper and agates, the Taj is decorated with Koranic verses in lovely calligraphy. The building occupied 20,000 workers over the course of two decades, including craftsmen from far-off Baghdad and Bukhara, and cost 32 million rupees. In the meantime, Shah Jahan began to rely increasingly on his son Aurangzeb, who proved an effective military leader and an Islamic fundamentalist from a young age. In 1636, Shah Jahan appointed him viceroy of the troublesome Deccan; Aurangzeb was just 18. Two years later, Shah Jahan and his sons took the city of Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, from the Safavid Empire. This sparked on-going strife with the Persians, who recaptured the city in 1649. Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658  and appointed his and Mumtaz Mahals eldest son Dara Shikoh as his regent. Daras three younger brothers immediately rose up against him and marched on the capital at Agra.  Aurangzeb defeated Dara and his other brothers  and took the throne. Shah Jahan then recovered from his illness, but Aurangzeb declared him unfit to rule and had him locked up in the Agra Fort for the rest of his life. Shah Jahan spent his last eight years gazing out the window at the Taj Mahal, attended by his daughter Jahanara Begum. On January 22, 1666, Shah Jahan died at the age of 74. He was interred in the Taj Mahal, beside his beloved Mumtaz Mahal.

Australia study Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Australia study - Annotated Bibliography Example The book is notable in that it was written to be an aid for those who teach Aboriginal culture and languages. This Victorian-era work is a broad stroke examination of the cultural history and practices of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia. It provides a quite detailed look at native languages and details specific phonological and grammatical aspects that have challenged English speakers. This venerable book presents an interesting overview of factors that aggravated the racist impulses of the ruling Anglo-Australian society. This work utilizes the work of linguists and anthropologists from around the world who have studied the demise of native languages in Australia. It pays special attention to the particular social contexts in which Aboriginal languages have been used and are used today. Languages are examined from a largely functional standpoint and from the perspective that government policies have damaged the vast majority past the point of reclamation. This seminal report is one of the most comprehensive compilations of the latest data concerning the state of Aboriginal languages. It presents a chronological account of the erosion of Aboriginal lifestyles and cultural traditions. It paints a bleak picture of the state of native languages in Australia, though it doesn’t waver from a strictly fact-based recitation. Co-written by an anthropologist and linguist, this book focuses on the close relation between the environment, culture and language. This highly academic work makes a convincing case for the preservation of native languages, explaining what is at stake in a world where more languages are at risk than ever before. The authors make the interesting point that losing native languages is wasteful in that rich scientific knowledge is lost forever. Schmidt’s disciplined academic approach to the subject includes an analysis of

The Selling Process and Selling Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Selling Process and Selling Tools - Essay Example Determining and estimating the competition strength is also important in sales and marketing. What qualifies a service or a product to particular market segmentation and what hinders maximum profits should be determined. Knowledge of the segment that will need a company’s product or services will save time and resources, and this can be done by determining dimensions of sales. The demand for a product should be well estimated for accurate production. Demand estimation will reduce wastages of resources or loss of customers because the products were not enough. Trade area analysis is very important in sales, as a company will know which part of the country needs their goods or services. Trade areas differ with geography, political stability, and economic advantage and a company that has all these details will have a competitive advantage. Market potential and sales forecast should also be checked before a company engages are sales in an area. The product that a company is sellin g is the most important aspect is sales and marketing. What the product entails is something that matters to the customers and should be what a company takes it into account before manufacturing it. Why the product, who will it benefit more, where will it be sold, how much will it go for, and what profits margin is expected to bring. A good product should not stay on the shelf for long instead every production should be increased because demand has also increased. Pricing for personal selling has been considered the strongest promotion tool as it personalizes the message to the customer. The sales tend to be higher when personal selling is conducted, ensuring that all the profits go to the company instead of having to divide them among the sales agents. Personal selling also uses various technologies and helps overcome geographic limitations because the companies are able to draw budgets for the sales. This kind of selling also promotes good relationships between the customers, mana gement, and employees. This creates loyalty in the company a very important aspect of a business. Promotion strategy is an element very important in the marketing mix that involves advertising of a product for customers to be familiar with it before purchasing. Advertising to be done before the product is in the market to get people responses and ensure that the customers do not forget its value. Personal selling is the other component of promotion strategy where the producer promotes their product personally. This creates brand loyalty from the customers ensuring that they do not stop using the product.

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay Example for Free

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay Mattress Express is in the service of delivering mattresses is available to the customers. The company strategy for deliveries is to be able to deliver mattresses in both a reasonable on timely manner and to the consumer’s home. The delivery cost is $49.99 and includes delivery, set up, and removal of the customer’s old mattress set. Mattress Express has a centralized warehouse that is strategically located in order to best service the surrounding community. The warehouse feeds five stores and houses the inventory for each of the locations. The warehouse also has a showroom attached which makes it easily one of the largest Mattress Express locations Mattress express offers a five day delivery schedule. The deliveries are handled by the warehouse manager. All deliveries are separated into time frames which are then designated into particular areas and group to gather for the most efficient routing. Mattress Express inventory levels are kept to a minimum as the company operates on cash only. Inventory levels fluctuate up and down as cash flow increases via the trends in business. All inventory is stored at the centralized warehouse and deliveries are operated from this location as well. PRODUCT Tempur-pedic is a product that is a standalone within the mattress industry. The company strategy is to build the most highly recommended bed in America. They also wish to sell direct to the consumer as well as through a series of retail partners. Another important aspect of their strategy is to excel as a marketing firm. Tempur-pedic has a total of three factories. The factories are located in Lexington Kentucky, Duffield Virginia, and a European facility in Denmark. Each factory produces Tempur-pedic products and  distributes to regional distribution centers. Tempur-pedic is of the utmost superior quality and craftsmanship. To ensure the quality level of the products one out of every four mattresses is tested. In addition to testing mattresses frequently the product integrity margins are also how to extremely precise standards. This ensures that all to review the customers are experiencing the highest level of quality possible.

Muhammad Ali Is NOT a Hero Essay -- Sports Argumentative

Muhammad Ali Is NOT a Hero To be a hero, someone could save others, respect their country, and care. The firefighters from the Fire Department of New York have all of these characteristics, even thought they aren't perfect. Everyday, they risk their lives to save others. They show their patriotism even on the trucks they drive through the cities. Most of all they don't just do it because it's their job; they do it because they care. Unlike the people at FDNY, Muhammad Ali is violent, separatist, and rude. The first reason Muhammad Ali isn't a hero is because he is violent. For almost all of his life he fought in boxing matches that all started when he was a boy because he wanted to beat up the kid who stole his bike. For 14 years, on-and-off, he was heavyweight champion and before that a lightweight champion. To do this, you had to have the rage to hurt your opponent. Muhammad Ali even said, â€Å"I believe in the eye-for- an-eye business, I got no respect for a man who won’t hit back. You kill my dog, you better hide your cat† (Myers 36). Now, in his 60’s,...

Victimology: Crime and Criminal Victimization

Society's Response to Criminal Victimization Although crime and victimization rates have steadily declined since the early 1990s, society’s perception and fear of crime is still very high. Greater participation between community members and local law enforcement is needed to help ensure that crime and victimization rates continue to decline. Crime prevention is a concept that can help reduce crime and public fear perception. Combating victimization requires a concerted effort between the public and private sectors. The United States is responding to violent crime in various proactive and reactive ways.Proactive measures are designed to prevent violence; they include community-family action programs, personal protection measures, lifestyle changes, and other crime prevention and security measures designed to divert opportunistic offenders at one’s home, business, or other institutional setting. Victimization cannot be totally prevented; even the best crime prevention eff orts are not guarantees against crime. Reactive responses to victimization include community programs and laws implemented in response to a crime problem.The reactive responses are restorative approaches such as victim compensation and support programs, legislation, and civil justice responses. The restorative programs deal directly with victim assistance, although civil justice is designed to punish those responsible or associated with the victimization. The increase in the purchase in weapons reminds us of the fear many have. Community crime planning and increased security measures are a vital part of any crime prevention effort. The 1994 Federal Crime Bill was a significant step in addressing victimization and crime.The best way to curtail victimization is to address the sources of crime. Reducing victimization also includes awareness of personal risks or avoidance of life styles conductive to crime and victimization. Current victimology studies are performed by the World Society of Victimology. This organization does not focus on assigning responsibility to victims. The organization mentions the additional concept of secondary victimization by the criminal justice system; for example, a victim of a rape may be forced to recollect the act on the witness stand in front of the judge and jury so that the rape suspect can be convicted.The World Society of Victimology also mentions the role of the victim in the reform and restitution of a convicted criminal. Criminal victimization is a frightening and unsettling experience for many Americans. It is unpredictable, largely unpreventable, and often unexpected. Unlike normal life experiences, victimization is not sought out and is never welcomed; it is debilitating and demoralizing, and its efforts can often be long-term and difficult to overcome. Victims may be confused, fearful, frustrated, and angry. Becoming a victim of crime is an unpleasant and unwanted life experience at best.The impact of criminal victimizat ion is serious, throwing victims into a state of shock, fear, anxiety, and anger. The emotional, physical, psychological, and financial ramifications of crime can be devastating to victims. Coping with and recovering from victimization are complex processes. Sadly, some victims are never able to do so. Crime victimization can impact an individual’s ability to perform across a variety of roles, including those related to parenting, intimate relationships, occupational, and social functioning.Much of the available research focuses on changes in functioning among victims of intimate partner violence, with less research devoted to examining the consequences of other crime types on role functioning. I believe that society has responded very well to criminal victimization. They have created programs to help people who have gone through things in life other people don’t go through. Society is also improving their programs to help patients forget what happened to them. They ar e finding ways to help prevent victimization.If I were a victim, the programs available would seem a very encouraging opportunity to begin my road to recovery. If the society doesn’t do anything to help to respond to criminal victimization, there would be a lot more victims in need of help that can’t get it because the society doesn’t seem to care what happens to their people. I believe that the United States has done everything they can to help either prevent victimization or come up with different programs to help those in need.Not all societies have responded the same to victimization though; for example, Russia responds to victimization quite differently than the U. S. Some people may or may not choose to accept these programs that the society has come up with to help people in need. In my opinion, the society has responded very well to criminal victimization. The sources I used were: www. icpsr. umich. edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/NCV, www. ncjrs. gov/criminal_justic e2000/vol_4/04c. pdf, and www. ojp. usdoj. gov/ovc/publications/†¦ /FirstResponseGuidebook.

Al Gore Leadership

Between his service as a two-term Vice President and his later and current work as a statesman and respected politician, Al Gore has shown that his style of leadership has the ability to greatly impact America.This essay will examine three areas in which Gore has made his mark on American society.   First, Gore established himself as a leader as a United States Representative and Senator.   Next, Gore further developed his leadership style through his service as Bill Clinton’s Vice President.   Finally, Gore continues to show his lasting impact on America through his continued service as a promoter of the environment and global warming.Al Gore was first elected as a United States Representative from Tennessee in 1976, at the young age of twenty-eight.   With a Harvard degree and military service in his background, plus a father who had also served the state of Tennessee as both a Representative and Senator, it seemed a natural move for Gore to go into his first politic al role at the time he did, even though it meant leaving behind his legal studies.   Gore was re-elected as a Representative for three additional terms in 1978, 1980 and 1982.   (Wikipedia, 2007)During his term, Gore served on the House Intelligence Committee.   While on that Committee, he published a paper in the Congressional Quarterly that proposed an intelligent missile solution to slow the nuclear arms race.   (Rowen, 2000)   Notably, Gore was the first politician whose speech before the House was carried live on C-Span in 1979.   (Wikipedia)   Even early in his political career, Gore had found a way to impact the American people.In 1984, Gore was elected to the United States Senate.   While in the Senate, he sponsored the bill for which his career would be most well known: the Gore Bill, which became the High Performance Computing and Communications Act of 1991.   This noteworthy piece of legislation lead to the widespread use of the Internet in the early 199 0s, as more Americans then were able to access the so-called Information Superhighway.   (Wikipedia, 2007)After an unsuccessful primary bid for the Presidency during the 1988 campaign cycle, Al Gore was chosen by Democratic Presidential Nominee in 1992 to become his running mate.   Gore would become the longest serving Democratic Vice President since the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson.   As Vice President, Al Gore was able to use his leadership skills to impact both the American people and people around the world on nearly a daily basis.   As a staunch advocate against sending aid to Iraq and Saddam Hussein during the 1980s, Gores views became instrumental in early 1990s foreign policy towards the Middle East.One of the first projects Gore worked within after ascending to the Vice Presidency was the creation of the National Performance Review.   The National Performance Review was instrumental in identifying and eliminating governmental waste.The program was also able to ide ntify other instances of governmental misuse of money, and was used as a key tool in the downsizing of the federal government that occurred during the Clinton administration.   (NOAA, 2002)   During his eight years as Vice President, Al Gore also embraced a number of other key issues that continue to impact the American people today.   Among those issues are the environment, NAFTA and free trade, and launching a satellite to provide constant imaging of the earth.   (Wikipedia)During the 2000 election cycle, Al Gore was the frontrunning Democratic candidate from the start of the primary election season.   In a move that was billed by the news media as decidedly strange, Gore chose to distance himself from the ups and downs of the Clinton administration and instead run a campaign entirely on his own merits as a long-serving politician and strong leader.The public’s overall approval of Al Gore was apparent in the 2000 Presidential election, which Gore lost by a narrow margin in a defeat that was not confirmed until weeks later.   Clearly, after more than twenty years in public office, the American people were able to recognize Al Gore as a strong leader.   Although he did not win, the American people continue to look to Al Gore as a leader and purveyor of strong ideas.After the 2000 campaign, Al Gore continues to be a public figure and respected leader.   He has shown that leadership ability in a number of initiatives over the past decade.   Gore has spoken out vocally against President George Bush’s policies in Iraq, and warned, quite perceptively, of the enormous cost that would become a burden to the American people while achieving little overseas.   During the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Gore personally chartered several airplanes to airlift nearly three hundred storm victims from Louisiana.   (Wikipedia)   He later publicly criticized the government for its disorganized response to the disaster.Perhaps Gore’s lasting legacy as a leader has been his continuing passion for issues related to the environment.   In a recently produced movie titled The Inconvenient Truth, Gore reveals the work of researchers and the bleak outlook on the affects of Global Warming.   This award-winning documentary is arguably Gore’s most direct impact on the American people, bringing concerns to them in a media accessible to all.From the accomplishments that can be traced during the course of Al Gore’s political career that began in the mid-1970s, it is clear to see that he has exhibited the skills of a strong leader for many decades.   It will be that abiding leadership that will become his legacy and ensure his lasting impact on the American people.ReferencesAl Gore.   Wikipedia.   Retrieved Sept. 27, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore.National Performance Review. NOAA Satellite and Information Service.   Retrieved Sept. 27,2007 from http://ipo.noaa.gov/About/npr.html.Rowe n, B. (2000). Vice President Al Gore. Infoplease Campaign 2000.   Retrieved Sept. 27,2007 from http://www.infoplease.com/spot/algore1.html.  

history2 essays

history2 essays Africa is the world's second-largest continent, the biggest after Asia. It is more than three times the size of the U. States. It also contains more independent nations than any other continent on Earth-55 in all. Africa is centrally located on the Earth's surface. It straddles the Equator, extending for thousands of miles north and sough of that line. The continent stands between two major oceans. To the west is the Atlantic Ocean and to the east lies the Indian Ocean. The Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Red Sea in the I have 10 different opion on the most common stereotypes about Africa. For the Climate of Africa they said it is hot and dry, for most vegetation they said grassy lands, for most common animal in Africa people said monkeys, African common skin color black, Africans do for living they said herding and farming, types of family Africans live in extended, most common religion in Africa are catholic, common language spoken in Africa is English, civilization white people, government of African countries are democratic, and the biggest problem in Africa today is hunger. These are the results of my CLIMATE: Because of its size, almost every type of climate and vegetation can be found in Africa. The largest climate zone in Africa is the tropical climate with a wet and dry season. The savanna, a grassland, occupied this region, which covers almost half the continent. Like the tropical rain forest, the tropical savanna region is warm all year. In the summer, or rainy season, the climate is hot and wet. In winter it is warm, with little POPULATION: Today the population of Africa is approaching 680 million and is growing rapidly. Population growth has created problems in the drier parts of the savanna. During times of plentiful rainfall, people seeking land move into these semiarid ...

Delphi Compiler Version Directives

Delphi Compiler Version Directives If you plan on writing Delphi code that should work with several version of the Delphi compiler you need to know under which versions your code gets compiled. Suppose you are writing your own commercial custom component. Users of your component might have different Delphi versions than you have. If they try to recompile the components code- your code- they might be in trouble! What if you were using default parameters in your functions and the user has Delphi 3? Compiler directive: $IfDef Compiler directives are special syntax comments we can use to control the features of the Delphi compiler. The Delphi compiler has three types of directives: switch directives, parameter directives, and conditional directives. Conditional compilation lets us selectively compile parts of a source code depending on which conditions are set. The $IfDef compiler directive starts a conditional compilation section. The syntax looks like: {$IfDef DefName} ... {$Else} ... {$EndIf} The DefName presents the so-called conditional symbol. Delphi defines several standard conditional symbols. In the code above, if the DefName is defined the code above $Else gets compiled. Delphi Version Symbols A common use for the $IfDef directive is to test the version of the Delphi compiler. The following list indicates the symbols to check when compiling conditionally for a particular version of the Delphi compiler: SYMBOL - COMPILER VERSIONVER80 - Delphi 1VER90 - Delphi 2VER100 - Delphi 3VER120 - Delphi 4VER130 - Delphi 5VER140 - Delphi 6VER150 - Delphi 7VER160 - Delphi 8VER170 - Delphi 2005VER180 - Delphi 2006VER180 - Delphi 2007VER185 - Delphi 2007VER200 - Delphi 2009VER210 - Delphi 2010VER220 - Delphi XEVER230 - Delphi XE2WIN32 - Indicates that the operating environment is the Win32 API.LINUX - Indicates that the operating environment is LinuxMSWINDOWS - Indicates that the operating environment is the MS Windows/li]CONSOLE - Indicates that an application is being compiled as a console application By knowing the above symbols it is possible to write code which works with several versions of Delphi by using compiler directives to compile appropriate source code for each version. Note: symbol VER185, for example, is used to indicate Delphi 2007 compiler or an earlier version. Using VER symbols Its quite usual (and desirable) for each new Delphi version to add several new RTL routines to the language. For example, the IncludeTrailingBackslash function, introduced in Delphi 5, adds  \  to the end of a string if it is not already there. In the Delphi MP3 project, I have used this function and several readers have complained that they cant compile the project- they have some Delphi version prior to Delphi 5. One way to solve this problem is to create your own version of this routine - the AddLastBackSlash function. If the project should be compiled on Delphi 5, the IncludeTrailingBackslash is called. If some of the previous Delphi versions are used, then we simulate the IncludeTrailingBackslash function. It could look something like: function AddLastBackSlash(str: string) : string;begin{$IFDEF VER130}   Result:IncludeTrailingBackslash(str) ; {$ELSE}if Copy(str, Length(str), 1) \ then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Result : str   else   Ã‚  Result : str \;​{$ENDIF}end; When you call the AddLastBackSlash function Delphi figures out which portion of the function should be used and the other part is simply skipped. Delphi 2008 Delphi 2007 uses VER180 in order to maintain non-breaking compatibility with Delphi 2006 and then adds VER185 in order for development that specifically needs to target Delphi 2007 for whatever reason. Note: any time the interface of a unit changes the code that uses that unit has to be re-compiled. Delphi 2007 is non-breaking release meaning that DCU files from Delphi 2006 will work as-is.

Analysis of an Extract from Joseph Townsends Disseration on the Poor Essay

Analysis of an Extract from Joseph Townsends Disseration on the Poor Laws (1786) - Essay Example An important piece of work in this matter is the paper by Joseph Townsend titled, A Dissertation of the Poor Laws (1786). Here, he emphasizes that it is the basic law of nature that the poor should be in a state of improvidence to some extent so as to make sure that there is a perpetual need to accommodate the most servile positions in society. He further notes that in this way, the cup of human happiness remains overflowing, while the so called â€Å"delicate† breed of aristocrats are set free of ever experiencing any kind of drudgery, and the scope of employment is lost so as to spare them the misery of working. In this way, they are at liberty to pursue activities which they feel like, and which are important for the functioning of the state. Regarding the poor, he has said that they should adopt the policy to take up the most menial tasks and the most laborious works, as well as those activities that involve maximum danger. In the meantime, they may entertain themselves with the hope of any reward for undertaking risks and hard work. Without these standards rules of poverty, the fleets and armies of a country face a serious dearth of soldiers and of sailors. This kind of a situation will also exist if sensitivity towards the poor were to universally prevailed. This is due to the reason that it is only distress and poverty which can prevail upon the lower classes of the people to encounter all the horrors which await them on the waves of the ocean, or in the bloody fields of battle. It is a well known and well acknowledged fact that no man who has seen an easy life would be willing to fight in the army or take up risky ventures. Further, he talks about the fact that there must be a degree of pressure, so as to make sure that hunger is either felt or feared. This will fuel the desire of earning one’s daily meals to quietly adjust the mind to undergo the greatest hardships, which will

Business Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business Data Analysis - Essay Example To achieve an inclined trend amid a competitive environment the management finds it appropriate to acquire the services of a Business Data Analyst/Statistician. Since there was enormous data recorded already it was hooped that the analysis of this data would more likely produce some beneficial results and recommendations. This report is aimed to conduct the data analysis for the company. This would be done in pursuance of the newly hired business data analyst. This analysis would contain the basic and advanced statistical practices including evaluation and analysis of different statistics. These include Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Variance, Coefficient of Variance and Inter-quartile ranges. Since graphical representations play key role in trend analysis, the histograms, PIE charts and Bar charts would also be used. The sampling/grouping of data according to the recommended intervals would also be incorporated. This analysis would be conducted for different types of proble ms in the company to produce conclusions and recommendations for an overall betterment of the company. The main goal is to achieve optimization either through minimization of cost incurred or maximization of profit and to highlight the possible risks the company may encounter in future. INTRODUCTION The scenario involves the business strategies of an Industry named Handy Hydraulics Limited. This company was founded twenty years ago by the Douglas family. Ever since then the company has steadily grown. The first five years being stable, enabling the company to hold its grounds and establish its mark. The merchandise that Handy Hydraulics dealt with were related to Hydraulics as its name suggests. They were not the manufacturers of hydraulics but mainly were distributors and vendors that repaired spare parts. The most the company did was to pack the goods under their name in accordance with the customer’s orders. Their business prospered where large population of humans inhabit ed land. This was because more the inhabitants the more was the use of garbage trucks and other construction related machinery in the area. Thus, resulting in requirements of hydraulic parts whenever their need arose. The parts that the company dealt with included hydraulic seals, gauges, pump cylinders and all other related spare parts etc. Through the first few years absence or very little presence of marketing did not inhibit a teady growth of the company sales. The late 1970s and early 1980s saw the application of the Brute Force strategy for marketing. This resulting in an increase in demand of the company’s products but unfortunately the inexperienced family run business could not stand the increase in number of orders and their system collapsed. The headquarters in Florida was not the company’s only outlet. By the early decades two new outlets at Arizona and Ohio had also become operational. However, the lack of proper maintenance and handling of inventory in al l the outlets resulted in a havoc. It was decided that the company be sold to BMP Enterprises. METHODS Q1. (a) Construct histograms and relative frequency distributions of the company’s daily average order size (total sales divided by total orders) for quarters 1 and 2. For each chart, use interval widths of 20 and let the first interval run from 0 to 20. After the initial observation of data it is noted that there exists one entry of

Gender criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Gender criminology - Essay Example Some people are sold as slaves; some are tricked into slavery while some serve as bonded labors (Hart 2009). Most governments consider human trafficking as a danger to the democratic way of life and also to the basic rule of law (Morehouse 2009). The victims of human trafficking are mostly poor people with little food and no future in their own homeland. Jobs are scarce and it is difficult to support a family. Under these circumstances, the foreign land seems like a green pasture and the human traffickers use jobs in foreign countries especially the U.K and the U.S as baits and sneak the people in the country illegally. Usually people from Mexico, Cuba and South American countries smuggle into America whereas people from Eastern European states, Africa and Asia consider U.K a goldmine. Of all the European countries, UK faces the most unwanted immigrations. Since 2004, immigration from Central and Eastern Europe increased rapidly as many states which were formerly a part of the communist block joined the European Union which allowed their citizens to freely move into Great Britain (Marshal Cavendish Corporation 2009). The number of people who either smuggle into the United Kingdom or are trafficked to this country runs into thousands annually. There is a marked difference between human trafficking and smuggling. As mentioned in the article â€Å"Human Trafficking and Smuggling† published by The Crown Prosecution Service available online at , human smuggling actually means the illegal entry of a person in any country; it is a voluntary act and â€Å"the immigrants are complicit in the offence so that they can stay in the country† and are hardly forced or cajoled to cross the border. Once the person crosses the border, he is on his own and is not controlled by the smugglers. Also smuggling involves crossing of borders and is illegal (House of Lords et al 2006). Human trafficking on the

Non-pharmacological Pain Relief Intervention in Labour

Non-pharmacological Pain Relief Intervention in Labour CHAPTER – II REVIEW OF LITERATURE Review of literature is an important step in the development of any research project. This chapter deals with the information collected with relevant to the present study through the published and unpublished materials. These publications were the foundation to carry out the research work. This helps the investigator to analyze what is already known about the topic and to describe the methods of inquiry. Research literatures are reviewed under the following headings: A: Literature related to non-pharmacological pain relief intervention. B: Literature related to back massage as a complementary therapy for pain management in labour. A: Literature related to non-pharmacological pain relief intervention. Davim, Torres Dantas (2009) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of non- pharmacological strategies to relieve pain in parturient in labour. This is before and after therapeutic intervention clinical trial, performed with 100 parturients applying breathing exercise, muscle relaxation, lumbosacral massage and shower. A visual analogue scale was used for data collection. Oxytocin was administered in 81% of cases, but 15% did not receive any medication. A significant difference was observed in pain relief after using non- pharmacological strategies, showing reduced pain as cervical dilatation increased. Penny April (2004) The control of labour pain and prevention of suffering are major concerns of clinicians and their clients. Nonpharmacologic approaches toward these goals are consistent with midwifery management and the choices of many women. They undertook a literature search of scientific articles cataloged in CINAHL, PUBMED, the Cochrane Library, and AMED databases relating to the effectiveness of 13 non-pharmacologic methods used to relieve pain and reduce suffering in labour. Acupuncture Acupuncture, an important and ancient component of traditional Chinese medicine, is gradually being integrated with conventional medicine in the West. Acupuncture is believed to initiate, control, or accelerate physiologic functions, and thus, correct organ malfunctions, heal illnesses, or relieve discomforting symptoms through insertion of fine needles into the skin at a combination of specific points along meridians (channels of energy, called Qi, pronounced chee) in the body, followed by rotation, heating, or electrical stimulation (electro-acupuncture) of the needles. Smith, Collins, Cyna, Crowther (2006)A systematic review of acupuncture for pain relief in labor reported that acupuncture was associated with a trend toward less use of pharmacological analgesia (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49-1.00) .Compared to controls who had no or sham acupuncture, women who underwent acupuncture were more relaxed and used less pharmacological pain relief, but did not have lower pain intensity scores. Maternal satisfaction was high among all the women in both the acupuncture and control groups. Acupressure Acupressure, or Shiatsu, a simpler alternative to acupuncture, is pressure with fingers or small beads at acupuncture points. Chung, Hung, Kuo Huang (2003). A study to determine L14 and BL67 acupressure on labour pain during first stage of labour .A total of 127 parturient were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received only one of the following treatments: L14 and BL67 acupressure, light skin stroking or no treatment. There was a significant difference in labour pain in the first group compared with the two others. Aromatherapy Aromatherapy is the science of using highly concentrated essential oils or essences distilled from plants in order to utilize their therapeutic properties . Abbaspoor and Mohammadkhani (2013) The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage with Lavender oil. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial that was conducted in 2008 Tehran, Iran. The subjects included N=60 primiparous women in 38–42 week gestational age, who were expected to have a normal delivery. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received only massage (n=30) and the second group received aromatherapy massage with Lavender oil (n=30). The intensity of pain was measured with the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results showed that pain intensity before and after intervention were significantly lower in the lavender aromatherapy massage group in the latent and active phase, and they had a lower duration of first and second stage of labour. Reeja Mariam Joseph Philomena Fernandes(2013) The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of jasmine oil massage on labour pain during first stage of labour among 40 primigravida women. The study design adopted was true experimental approach with pre-test post-test control group design. The demographic Proforma were collected from the women by interview and Visual analogue scale was used to measure the level of labour pain in both the groups. Data obtained in these areas were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. A significant difference was found in the experimental group( t 9.869 , p0.05) and the post-test (t 11.75, p Breathing exercises Kamalifard et al.,(2000) A quasi-experimental study was conducted for 42 mothers selected randomly divided into two groups of massage 2 and breathing 2. The breathing groups employed the techniques during the first or second stage of labour at 4, 6, 8 and 10 centimeter of dilatation for 30 minutes. The intensity of pain was measured by a numerical rating scale (NRS) 30 minutes after determining dilatation. The ERA performed massaging at the same dilatations for M1 and M2 groups. Massage at 4 and 6 cm dilatations and breathing at most dilatations decreased pain scores significantly. The choosing of one or both methods for labour pain relief and decreasing caesarean section rate is suggested. Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy is an effective, alternative intervention that can be used by care providers as a nonpharmacological pain relief method to help labouring women cope with labour. A wide variety of pain relief measures are available to women in labour. Entisar Manal (2012) This study assessed nurses knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy as a Nonpharmacologic pain-relief techniques during labour and identify the barriers of hydrotherapy to be used in Womens Health Center, Egypt. A descriptive study design was utilized in this study. The 120 nurses who works in obstetrics department. They showed that approximately three quarter (73.3%) of the participant nurses knowl-edge were adequate, while (26.7) of nurses had inadequate knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy in labour. Nurses encounter that hospital policy (100%) followed by environ-mental factors (52%) are the major barriers to the use of hydrotherapy in labour. Effort required for hydrotherapy (48%) and human resources (41%) are indicated to be equivalent barrier of the use of hydrotherapy in labour. Their knowledge represented (26.7%) and not considered to be a major contributing barrier to the use of hydrotherapy during labour. Hypnosis Cyna, McAuliffe Andrew (2004) They examined the evidence regarding the effects of hypnosis for pain relief during childbirth. Five RCTs and 14 non-randomized comparisons (NRCs) studying 8395 women were identified where hypnosis was used for labour analgesia. Four RCTs including 224patients examined the primary outcomes of interest. One RCT rated poor on quality assessment. Meta-analyses of the three remaining RCTs showed that, compared with controls, fewer parturients having hypnosis required analgesia, relative risk=0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.95). Of the two included NRCs, one showed that women using hypnosis rated their labour pain less severe than controls (P Music therapy Phumdoung Good (2003) A randomized controlled trial of 110 primiparous women in active phase of labour were assigned to soft music group for 3hrs (n=55) or a control group (n=55). Dual VAS were used to measure pain before starting the study and every 3 hrs. The results indicate that music group women had significantly less pain sensation(p Position DeClercq et al., (2006) A national survey of childbearing experiences in the United States in 2005 reported that after admission to the hospital, most women (76 percent) did not walk around. This percentage was slightly higher than in a similar survey conducted three years earlier. At that time, the most common reason the women gave for not walking was that they were connected to things (67percent), unable to support self due to pain medication (32 percent), and told not to walk around (28 percent). However, 58 to 60 percent of the women did report changing positions to relieve pain during labour. Yoga Chuntharapat et al.,(2008) A randomized trial was conducted using 74-primigravid Thai women who were equally divided into two groups (experimental and control). The yoga program involved six, 1-h sessions at prescribed weeks of gestation. The experimental group was found to have higher levels of maternal comfort during labour and 2 h post-labour, and experienced less subject evaluated labour pain than the control group. In each group, pain increased and maternal comfort decreased as labour progressed. The experimental group was found to have a shorter duration of the first stage of labour, as well as the total time of labour. B: Literature related to back massage as a complementary therapy for pain management in labour. Patricia, Farah Paula (2012) A study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy in managing labour pain among women in active labour. A randomized controlled trial in Vancouver of 77 healthy nulliparous women presenting in spontaneous labour, upto 5 hours the massage therapy was given. The mean cervical dilataion at the time of epidural insertion was 5.9cm(95% CI 5.2-6.7) compared to 4.9 in the control group. (95% CI 4.2-5.8) scores on the McGrill pain scale were consistently lower in the massage therapy group (13.3 vs 15.8 at 5-6cm 19.4 vs 28.3 at 7.8cm) although these differences were not satisfically significant. Vijayalakshmi S (2011) An experimental was conducted to assess the effectiveness of effleurage over lumbosacral region for reduction of pain perception during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers. The study samples were 60 primigravida mothers (30 in experimental group 30 in control group). The samples were selected using lottery method comes under probability simple random sampling technique. A combined numerical categorical scale was used to assess the level of pain perception among primigravida mothers during first stage of labour. The findings revealed that marked decrease in mean value from 3.43 in pre assessment level to 2.30 in post assessment level and the improvement mean was 2.86 and SD was 0.27 in experimental group. Umarani (2010) conducted a quasi experimental pretest posttest control group design to assess the effectiveness of back massage during the first stage of labour among primigravida mothers. 30 primigravida mothers were taken and assigned for experimental and control group equally. Pain perception was measured by using 0-10 numerical pain intensity scale. 20 minutes back massage was given to the experimental group after the 3cm cervical dilatation, when contractions started. Control group was allowed to follow the conventional method. The results showed that there was a significant reduction on pain perception of 2.2 than 3.6 in control group. D’souza (2010) conducted a study on effectiveness of ice massage (acupressure L14) for the reduction of labour pain among intranatal women. A quasi experimental pretest-posttest only design was carried out on 49 intranatal women the pretest was 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS) and McGrill pain Questionaire. In the experimental group the mean posttest pain score (2.1) which is significantly lower than the mean pretest score (5.0) with a mean difference of (2.9).The calculated value(11.588) was more than the table value (2.093,p Zahrani (2008). This study has been conducted to determine the effects of massage on intensity of pain during the first stage of labour in primiparous women who have attended Isfahan Shahid Beheshti hospital in 2005. In this randomize clinical trial, a total of 75 primiparous women in 38-42 week of low risk pregnancy were randomly divided in 3 groups. First group received 20 minutes of back effleurage massage at the periods of 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, 8-10 cm, cervical dilation. An emotional support was offered for second group in the same duration of time and the same cervical dilation. Third group just received routine care during labour. In all groups, pregnant women were asked to evaluate their severity of pain before and after intervention. Data being obtained through the visual analogue scale, check list and inspection form. Results: Study result demonstrated that intensity of pain was significantly lower in massage group (p Refined olive oil is obtained from virgin olive oils by refining methods, which do not lead to alterations in the initial glyceridic structure. It has a free acidity, expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.3 grams per 100 grams (0.3%) and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in this standard. The medicinal use of olive oil is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase similar to classical NSAIDs like ibuprofen. Fifty grams of extra virgin olive oil is equivalent to about the tenth of a dose of ibuprofen. Health benefits of olive oil are analgesia, Oil massage, bone growth, decreased aging, and decreased cardiovascular problems. Jeyalakshmi, Latha Venkatesan, Jamuna (2008) conducted a study on effectiveness of olive oil massage therapy upon low back pain of parturient mothers in the first stage of labour at Andhra mahila sabha,Chennai. 60 mothers were randomly selected for experimental and control group. Before and after massage therapy low back pain and feto maternal parameter was assessed in both groups. In experimental group 100% of them experienced moderate level of pain after massage therapy. The mean and standard deviation of low back pain score of the control group were high in comparison with olive oil therapy group (p=0.001). Kuhn (2004) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of massage therapy on depressed pregnant women. 84 depressed pregnant women were recruited during the second trimester of pregnancy and randomly assigned to a massage therapy group and control group that received standard prenatal care alone. These groups were compared to each other. The massage therapy was for 20 minutes for 2 sessions by their significant other each week for 16 weeks of pregnancy. Immediately after the massage therapy sessions on the first and last days the woman reported lower levels of anxiety and depressed mood and less leg and back pain and also the massage group had higher dopamine and serotonin levels and lower levels of cortisol and norepinephrine. Chang, Wang, Chen,(2002) The third trial randomly assigned 60 women to receive massage or usual care. Massage was performed three times, once during each phase of the first stage of labour (latent, active and transition) and lasted for 30 minutes in each phase. Pain intensity was rated by a nurse observing each womans manifestations of pain using a present behavioral intensity (PBI) scale. Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA). Although pain intensity increased steadily through progressing phases of labor, the massage group had significantly lower pain intensity scores at each phase of labor (0.73 versus 1.30 in latent, 1.73 versus 2.17 in active, and 2.17 versus 2.87 in transition phases). Anxiety levels were significantly lower in the massage group only during the latent phase (37.2 versus 53.5 on a 100 point scale). Eighty-seven percent of the women in the massage group reported that the massage was helpful in providing pain relief and psychological support. Field et al., (1999) A study which involved 26 pregnant women were assigned to massage or relaxation therapy group for five weeks. The therapies consisted of 20 minute session twice a weeks. MANOVAs and ANOVAs were conducted for repeated measures. A significant group by pre-post session MANOVA, F(4,21) = 2.86;p

In 1957 the Common Essay -- Economics

In 1957 the Common In 1957 the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was outlined by the then six member states. The main reason for the Common Agricultural policy was to make Agriculture a self sufficient entity in The European Union. The six member states of the European Union proposed to do this by creating a stable market for agricultural produce and at the same time keeping prices at an affordable level for consumers. The heads of the European Union (E.U) believed that Agriculture was one of the most significant industries within the E.U; .and as a result agreed that special attention needed to be focused on this area of European policy. â€Å"When the nations of Europe got together in the late 1950’s, agriculture was important to their economies and even more important to their culture and societies† (Wyn, G. 1997 pg6) The common Agricultural policy which was finally agreed upon in 1962 and fully implemented in 1967 is to date the most fully integrated area in European policy. â€Å"Agricultural policy is the E.U’s most elaborate policy area and has always been the focus of interest† (Molle, Willem. T. M. 2001 pg 222) In summary the Common Agricultural policy had five main aims these were to * Increase Agricultural productivity * Ensure a fair standard of living for Farmers. * Stabilise agricultural markets. * Guarantee regular supplies of food. * Ensure reasonable prices for consumers. (Dinan, Desmond 1994 pg 326) The Common Agricultural policy replaced the systems in each of the nation states and the â€Å"guiding principals were (and are) * A single market-agricultural produce should be able to move freely throughout the community. * Community preference- priority should be given t... ...must be to further modernise the Common Agricultural Policy and avoid using dated solutions to fix modern agricultural problems. Bibliography Dinan, D. (1999) Ever closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration (2nd edition) Houndmills: Macmillan Press Ltd. El-Agraa, Ali M, (2001) The European Union Economics and Policies, (6th edition) Harlow: Pearson. George, S & Bache, I (2001) Politics in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nugent, N. (2003) The Government and Politics of the European Union (5th edition) Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. Jones, Robert, (2001) The politics and Economics of the European union (2nd edition) Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Wallace, H & Wallace W. (eds) (2000)Policy making in the European Oxford: Oxford University Press Wyn, G. (1997) The Common Agricultural Policy Houndmills: Macmillan. In 1957 the Common Essay -- Economics In 1957 the Common In 1957 the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was outlined by the then six member states. The main reason for the Common Agricultural policy was to make Agriculture a self sufficient entity in The European Union. The six member states of the European Union proposed to do this by creating a stable market for agricultural produce and at the same time keeping prices at an affordable level for consumers. The heads of the European Union (E.U) believed that Agriculture was one of the most significant industries within the E.U; .and as a result agreed that special attention needed to be focused on this area of European policy. â€Å"When the nations of Europe got together in the late 1950’s, agriculture was important to their economies and even more important to their culture and societies† (Wyn, G. 1997 pg6) The common Agricultural policy which was finally agreed upon in 1962 and fully implemented in 1967 is to date the most fully integrated area in European policy. â€Å"Agricultural policy is the E.U’s most elaborate policy area and has always been the focus of interest† (Molle, Willem. T. M. 2001 pg 222) In summary the Common Agricultural policy had five main aims these were to * Increase Agricultural productivity * Ensure a fair standard of living for Farmers. * Stabilise agricultural markets. * Guarantee regular supplies of food. * Ensure reasonable prices for consumers. (Dinan, Desmond 1994 pg 326) The Common Agricultural policy replaced the systems in each of the nation states and the â€Å"guiding principals were (and are) * A single market-agricultural produce should be able to move freely throughout the community. * Community preference- priority should be given t... ...must be to further modernise the Common Agricultural Policy and avoid using dated solutions to fix modern agricultural problems. Bibliography Dinan, D. (1999) Ever closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration (2nd edition) Houndmills: Macmillan Press Ltd. El-Agraa, Ali M, (2001) The European Union Economics and Policies, (6th edition) Harlow: Pearson. George, S & Bache, I (2001) Politics in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nugent, N. (2003) The Government and Politics of the European Union (5th edition) Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. Jones, Robert, (2001) The politics and Economics of the European union (2nd edition) Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Wallace, H & Wallace W. (eds) (2000)Policy making in the European Oxford: Oxford University Press Wyn, G. (1997) The Common Agricultural Policy Houndmills: Macmillan.

Psychology for Social Care Practice Essay

In this assessment I am going to be writing a case study on Rose. Rose is the youngest of five children, she has one sister and three brothers. Rose has been diagnosed with a rare chromosome deletion on her 22nd chromosome, it is called 22q13 deletion syndrome also known as Phelan Mcdermid syndrome after the doctors Katy Phelan and Heather Mcdermid who first discovered this syndrome whilst studying chromosome 22 and the effect that deletions and mutations has on individuals in the early 1990’s the first person diagnosed was in 1996, currently there are only approximately one thousand people around the world diagnosed, and only one hundred approximately in the uk. It is thought to be massively under diagnosed at present. Phelan Mcdermid syndrome affects individuals by causing disabilities in different ways depending on the size of the deletion, where the deletion is on the 22nd chromosome and other genes in that region that are are affected. Phelan Mcdermid syndrome affects the people diagnosed in differing ways mainly it affects the individual’s speech, a majority of those diagnosed with Phelan Mcdermid syndrome are completely non verbal, it affects mobility ranging from a person never being able to walk or learning at a later stage than would be the usual, it also can cause feeding problems and some people affected suffer from seizures. Rose has a smaller deletion and so her disability is on the milder end of the spectrum. Phelan Mcdermid syndrome affects Rose’s speech ability, also her muscles are weaker and she has coordination problems, she is diagnosed with dyspraxia, and has also recently been diagnosed with autism. Phelan Mcdermid syndrome is a genetic cause of autism. In my opinion although it is a genetic disability that Rose has I feel that there are also nature and nurture issues also involved. I think that as Rose has been encouraged to communicate and also speak that this has helped her immensely, where as other parents with children with Phelan Mcdermid syndrome can be to ready to accept that the child might never speak and might not be as encouraging for their child to become independent. There are other factors also involved, the location where Rose lives she has been lucky to have had a lot of time spent on speech therapy,  where as other children living in different locations in the uk and around the world haven’t been as fortunate and so have not been given the same nu rturing that Rose has received both from the local services available but also from her family. Although this is a genetic condition people with this syndrome will still inherit family traits aswell, the hair colour and eye colour for example will be genetically linked to the parents genes. In my opinion although Rose has autism I believe that her being the youngest of five children has been of benefit to her as this has helped with her social skills and for her to be able to share and to take turns, it has benefited her in her being able to be amongst noise and people. If she were perhaps an only child she would have had to have been taught some of these skills which she has been able to learn naturally. Rose is seven years old, she is a pretty little girl with a lovely nature.When Rose was born she appeared to be â€Å"normal† she met all her first milestones, sitting up and walking on time, it was only when she turned two and wasn’t developing her speech that her parents started to worry and took her to the GP who then referred Rose to a paediatrician. The paediatrician took a blood sample which was sent away for testing and the parents were called back to be informed of Rose’s diagnosis just before her third birthday. Due to some chromosome abnormalities being inherited the parents both had blood tests, in this case it was a de novo which means it was not genetically inherited from the the parents. From the age of three Rose started speech therapy, she has also had physiotherapy and occupational health input. Rose attends a mainstream school at the moment and has additional teaching support, she has learning difficulties but is making small steps of progress i n her learning. Rose is behind for her age in her learning by about 3 years in my opinion, she is still struggling with learning to read, write and count. Although Rose has autism she is a friendly and sociable little girl. In my opinion this has been nurtured within her home background as she has the older siblings from whom she has benefited being around, and having four siblings it has been a busy household in terms of Rose being exposed to meeting new people, although as her siblings are all older than her by a number of years Rose is more comfortable around older people than she is within her own peer age groups,  causing Rose to have some difficulties in forming friendships with other children her own age. One of the physiological theories that would apply to Rose would be Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for Rose to be able to develop to her full potential. This would include her basic physiological needs being met, for example Rose will need to have activities incorporated into her day to help build her muscle strength but equally she needs to have plenty of rest so as not to suffer with fatigue. She needs guidance in her safety needs as she is not able to to make safe choices yet for example when it would be safe to cross the road or when it is appropriate and to which adults to show affection, these would be taking care of her psychological and physical safety needs. Also due to Rose having autism she is very keen on having routine and familiarity. Rose needs to be able to be loved and have a sense of belongingness so she is able to learn to trust and to accept people, she needs to be a part of groups and she does this by attending a local dance school and has recently performed in her annual dance show presentation, and as Rose has a large family she has a sense of belonging. Esteem needs are another of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, these mean that Rose needs to feel respected, she also needs to have self-respect and self-esteem, these are issues that are currently being dealt with at school following a meeting about how to help Rose integrate more with her peers, one of the ideas is that the other children are included with things that Rose likes to do, this will then not make Rose feel like she has to conform to the â€Å"rules† and â€Å"structures† being imposed by the other children but will help the other children integrate with Rose. Rose is having her cognitive needs being met by her having one to one support to help her with her learning by helping her to stay focused and to concentrate on tasks she is given in her class. I feel that Rose just touches into Aesthetic needs as she is autistic she likes to have order and symmetry, she likes to keep her room tidy and also likes to line things like her toy animals into lines. Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers is another theory which can be applied to Rose as he talks about the healthy person and the unhealthy person, I feel that for Rose to be able to be a healthy person and to be able to be as  fully functioning an individual as she is able to, it is important for Rose to feel accepted for who she is. This means that she is accepted for being who she is without any expectations or conditions placed on her, Rose is loved unconditionally within her family and the whole family accept her for who she is. It is also important for Rose not to become an unhealthy person by altering herself and her behaviour to conform to unrealistic expectations, Rose will over time need a lot of help to be able to cope with and identify her different feelings, she will need positive encouragement to build her self-esteem and her self-worth. When Rose was six she became an Aunty as her older sister had a baby boy, Rose has been very excited by this, she has adapted well to a new member of the family, she then welcomed another nephew into the family only ten months later. Rose has been very accepting of her new nephews and her families involvement in helping her older sister in looking after the two boys. Unfortunately sometimes it can be difficult for Rose to realise that the babies are not able to understand the difference between her toys and theirs and she can become frustrated at this. She is also having to learn how to play with the babies as she is not really used to people younger than herself. Rose is very loving towards the boys and wants to be involved in helping to look after them, she likes to be able to give the older baby his lunch and likes to hold his hand while he is still learning how to walk. Rose has also dealt with bereavement as the first baby her sister was expecting sadly passed away, this was explained to Rose that the baby had gone to heaven and that she is now an Angel. It is difficult to know exactly how Rose feels about this and how much she understands, but she was very upset and if she saw a baby for a while after would refer to the Angel baby that is in heaven and she would tell people about the baby girl. Rose has also dealt with her two older siblings moving out of the family home to set up their own homes, she has been a bit lost at times and has missed having the oldest two at home especially her older sister as she is very attached to her. Due to Rose’s communication difficulties her sister is very good at being able to understand what she is trying to say. Rose now enjoys  going and having a sleep over at her big sisters and it is also encouraging her independence by her being able to stay away from home. It will be be important for Rose’s future for her to be able to continue to have the opportunities available for her to continue to grow as a person.

Biome Shifting

Global warming is a mostly natural process that has been going on for as long as Earth has existed. Global warming has many effects on the Earth such as rise in sea level, overall increased rise in the temperature of Earth, and even bizarre weather. However, the topic I will discuss today is how global warming causes climate changes and how this climate change affects our environment and our economic systems.Climate change occurs worldwide due to the growth of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere which then traps more heat coming from the sun than it would without these gases. This makes the Earth milder which then causes change in climates over the globe to change their patterns. Bimbo shifting is one main consequence of climate change and global warming. This has a broad economic impact as it alters our infrastructure and sources of goods.However, it also poses large amounts of environmental threat as there is becoming less biodiversity and habitats are shifting. This bimbo shifting affects our infrastructure in that many of the buildings we eave built up to today haven't been built to endure such a wide range of temperatures and as these bizarre temperatures continue to shift back and forth our infrastructure is deteriorating much faster than it would in stable weather. Considering this, the maintenance of these building will require much more funding as it will have to be done more often.This could cause economic problems as it could increase the need for higher taxes to do required maintenance on governmental buildings and public schools which reduces the amount of money being able to be circulating through everyday businesses. Bimbo shifting also affects the sources of many of our goods. On Canada's west coast there is a species of salmon that is increasingly economically valuable. However, this species is beginning to have reduced survival rates causing decreased population density and a decrease in the amount of fish being able to be sold as goods.This hi ts the economy as the fish were needed to provide food or work for many people in Canada. The climate change also affects some of the forests worldwide. In Alaska, a spruce beetle population has been able to grow dramatically over 20 years due to warmer weather. This then caused over 4 million acres of spruce trees in Alaska to be destroyed by the increased population of beetles. This shows how the climate change can destroy what could be used a resources in the future.With bimbo shifting causing increased temperatures in places that normally would be cooler, some species are having to slowly shift where they find their habitats. For example the long-spines sea urchin was previously only found as far south as southern New South Wales in Australia, but now, due to increasingly warm waters and changes in currents, these sea urchins have moved farther south. They have decimated kelp forests in this region causing the ecosystem to slowly deteriorate as it becomes more and more unbalance d.Climate change is expected to threaten one quarter or more of all species on land by 2050 passing even habitat loss as the biggest threat to life on land. Bimbo shifting is a huge problem for many species as they have evolved to live within certain areas under certain conditions and as these conditions change quickly, some species are unable to adapt quickly enough to survive. When one species food source can no longer survive, that species then is heartened as it must find another food source or it will not survive either.This then causes less biodiversity as species become threatened and eventually extinct. To address this worldwide problem of bimbo shifting, scientists are trying to decrease the amount of greenhouse gases that enter our ecosystem. They are collecting emissions data and trying to get the government to impose new laws and limits considering consumption of fossil fuels. Scientists are working with engineers to create new engines for cars that reduce the amount of fossil fuels required to power them or even eliminate the need for fossil fuels altogether.Solar panels and wind turbines are also being designed to harness energy from renewable sources instead of burning fossil fuels. The U. S. Has also steered away from using coal and has begun using natural gas to power the nation. This switch has significantly reduced carbon emissions over the past decade. Though many people probably think that the effects of global warming only go as far as environmental changes, there is really a ripple effect created by these changes that branches out and causes more and more problems. Global warming is directly related to environmental, social, political, and even more aspects of the world.All of the consequences prove how we, as people who rely on the Earth to survive, need to take better care of our home.